Fundamental Universe-Generating Processes, Intelligent Design, Emergent Properties and Biblical Theology
[Note: Prior to considering this article, the article on "simplifying technical aspects" might be useful. All aspects of the GGU-model are based upon properties of the finite world, properties that we can easily comprehend. These properties are mathematically modeled and embedded into a special "mathematical structure." These complex technical aspects are not presented in this article].
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Please consider the following fact. Modern atheistic science is based upon "reductionism." Under this stance, the development of the universe depends upon accepted fundamental entities that simply "exist." How these entities behave simply exists. That is, physical laws simply exist. No further investigations are allowed "below" this level of existence. If you do make such investigations, then you are ignored and often called "crazy" for rejecting "what everyone knows is true." Of course, such a notion is actually a unverifiable philosophic stance and is not related to "truth."
I would like to emphasize the following facts. The GGU and GID models are NOT based upon accepting hypotheses such as assuming the existence of higher-intelligence, the existence of higher-processes that generate a universe or that, with one minor exception, the models relate in any manner to the Bible. The theological or higher-intelligence conclusions are ALL predicted. For the theological interpretation, these predictions are Biblically interpreted, in full elsewhere, and are shown to verify the rationality of Biblical statements. The concrete behavioral or other illustrations that appear in this article were not used to obtain the basic aspects of the models. They were all discovered after the basic mathematical model was constructed from 1979 - 83. Until the participator model or schemes (Is) and (Im) are employed the multi-complexity approach is presented.Recently, 2013, this has not been the case, where an important refinement has been made, associating the GGU-model with instruction-information and alteration-information. When appropriate, I'll mention the appropriate reference. You'll also notice that I'm making changes to my mode of presentation from the usual stilted style used in scientific discourse to that of the informal. Using "contractions" shouldn't distract from the results I present. If English is not your native language, then the meanings of the contractions I, from time-to-time, use are easily learned. The complete GGU-model answers questions that were not answered using scientific logic until the date of its first appearance. It should be very obvious that the methods used are not those as previously applied. The answers are interpretations of entities and their behavior within a mathematical structure that did not general exist, in general form, within the mathematical literature until after 1966. For these reasons, one should not assume that their previous technical background should enable them to have full comprehension.
For a very simple example that displays many of the GGU-model processes as Joe builds straw men see this article. Also, to aid recall, throughout this article I repeat important aspects. I've attempted to simplify all non-mathematical aspects of the GGU and GID-models in the hopes that the processes and reasons for them are more fully understood. Eight process schemes (0), (0'), (I), (II), (III), (IV), (Is), (Ims) are displayed and the meanings fully stated. Applications of these schemes, either the entire eight or fewer, depend upon the Complete GGU or GID interpretations employed. (I now use the term "Complete GGU-model" to indicate all aspects of this model including the specific information aspects. If I don't write "Complete," then this usually should be understood.) In this article, with one exception, single universes are discussed. The participator universe case is discussed, where the technical aspects are found, in Herrmann (2012a,b). Material between the [[ and ]] is of a more technical nature and can be omitted on first reading. [[These require the additional hyperfast properton selection process (Herrmann (2002).]]]
Do you know what the following symbols mean for the GGU-model?
In this article, each of these symbols will be fully discussed and schemes of this sort interpreted in three different ways. This article is concerned with a new approach to generate the Complete GGU and GID models. It's very distinct from that which appears in Herrmann (2002). This old approach is still viable, especially for the reductionists. At the end of this article, I give a brief comparison of the old and new approaches. In this article, the term "subparticle" was previously used. To prevent incorrect mental images as to models for subparticles, the term "properton" replaces the term "subparticle." Without visualizing, a properton is an entity that carries properties. By means of encoding, it carries properties individually. Propertons, whether individually or in groups, have but one property. They can be combined into specific coherent collections.
If an illustration comes from our physical universe, then the terminology won't contain any "hyper" notation. But, for the GGU-model itself, terminology will carry the "hyper" or * symbol with the understanding that such statements or symbols can represent only standard concepts for the physical world or both physical and physical-like entities and behavior. Depending upon the discussion, these portions may be discussed individually. There are also italic fronts used that represent pure physical-like behavior.
Many years after the GGU-model and its GID-model interpretation were first conceived and originally developed, the following quote, attributed to Hermann Weyl, was discovered.
This is a rather long and detailed article. It is relative to a general approach for universe generation. This approach is modified in this article on Our Universe that employs the "single-complexity" approach.
The conclusions can be written in terms of intelligent agent terminology, two secular "physical-like laws and objects" descriptions and a theological interpretation. However, the Biblical interpretation is more applicable to the single-complexity approach due to certain aspects of human participation.
An example. In subatomic physics there is the quark. No quark can be detected directly using any form of physical device. There is a set of written rules or instructions and diagrammatical schemes meaningful to human beings that describe quark behavior. Such rules predict how entities that can be detected by physical devices behave and experiments verify this behavior. These rules and diagrams do not appear in Nature except in these written forms. Nothing appeared prior to the rules being constructed via human mental processes. So, what is it in Nature that "forces" quarks to follow, via human mental understanding, these written rules and diagrams? Does Nature think? Does Nature understand the meanings of all the different languages in which the same behavior is described?
Diagrams can be described by a language as can perceived images. Physical descriptions or perceived images correspond directly to physical "events." (An event is a final and specific result of the GGU-model mechanisms.) The rules or instructions correspond directly to physical descriptions or perceived images.
The entire area of physical science would not exist unless there is "something" that relates actual physical-system behavior, via the medium of the human mind, to written rules, diagrams and mental images. This "something" is not identified by members of secular physical science communities. It is identified by other groups and I discuss this later in this article.
The results presented here can be secularly interpreted. But, a mathematical model investigated elsewhere directly verifies the Genesis method for creation. It is false to state that the Bible does not yield an implied description for "how" God creates and sustains His creation. The following is a brief description for the most basic notions involved.
In this present article, it's necessary that I use a few terms taken from [1]. In [1] section 3.9, I give some ideas that are relative to "ultimate ultrawords," in general. (The ultraword concept is described below.) Ultimate ultrawords are employed to satisfy the philosophy of reductionism, which is an evolutionary notion where the "large" develops from combinations of fundamental primitive entities. Reductionism is generalized and restricted to mean that a universe is composed of a vast collection of less complex physical-systems. In this article, a simpler single entity, an ultra-hypothesis (ultra-word-like object), is used for specific universe development. This eliminates the ultimate ultraword used to "combine" physical-systems as defined by science-communities.
This article was originally written for both types of ultrawords and has been modified. It does not eliminate other ultimate ultrawords. Ultimate ultrawords are used to generate a "library" of universes. Using appropriate symbolism, the "finite consequence operator" used to obtain other universes can be replaced with operators obtained from logic-systems as they are defined in this article. (The notion of what operators represent for the GGU-model is described below. Operators represent "processes.") But, once a universe is obtained by application of material in Chapter 7 of [1a], then the simple ideas presented here for the generation of one universe are applied where the "consequence operator" reverts to its "logic-system" representation.
A few simple mathematical forms are utilized. The mathematical symbols are abbreviations for named applied objects and processes. Before the References is a list of the major ones employed. Various aspects of this article are re-expressed in terms of "information." For applications to physical or physical-like processes, *instruction-information is the operational content for *specific information. Instruction-information and *instruction-information are subsets of the general language *L. The same holds for *alteration-information. This "information" is the direct result of my unification for all physical laws.
In this article and for the GGU-model, the term "instruction-set" [resp. the *instruction-set] will always be used for the term instruction-information [resp. *instruction-information.] Instructions [resp. *instructions and others] are members of an instruction-set [resp. *instruction-set]. Substratum instructions directly related to the primitive info-fields and describe certain of their properties. (See the article Specific Information. Then again you can wait until you have read this entire article. Then see the reference [5] link.) Relative to the GGU-model, using the notation of "information" was first proposed, using a different but equivalent term, when the model was first conceived. I quote briefly from a published paper, where I show that "logic-systems" preserve the properties of information.
[T]he structure of the material universe has something in common with the laws that govern the workings of the human mind. [4, p. 143] [1.5]
This stated and rather obvious fact refers to human comprehension of natural system behavior. In order for us to comprehend and predict natural system behavior, human mental activity is used. General patterns associated with such mental activity would need to mirror the perceived general patterns associated with natural system behavior in order for us to predict by such mental activity specific natural system behavior. Being able to predict natural system behavior is the major application of natural law. Thus every reasonable prediction made and that is verified yields evidence that patterns of mental activity mirror patterns associated with natural system behavior whether the system be animate or inanimate.
The "patterns" being referred to, in this quotation, are the patterns modeled by "logic-systems" and deduction. In [1], the term "specific information" is used. This has the basic properties of information but it refers to information that has a definable purpose relative to specific physical entities and physical processes. From a secular viewpoint, the notion of purpose is an unscientific addition that is not considered. The term "information" used in the article from which this quotation is taken is not specific information, but a more general notion. As I mention in [1], forms of specific information can be considered as a physical or physical-like primitive.
On page 243 of [1], I ask readers to consult this website for additional information. Many new results have been obtained since [1] was written. In [1], I have neither given all the processes that generate a universe nor the order in which they are applied and other details. Since the publication of [1], research has continued and new and more significant processes have been investigated. There are different sets of processes that lead to the same results. Only one collection is necessary and I present the most significant collection that has yet been found.
Specific objects and their applications described below replace all others described in any other article that appears on this website. This present article also describes the intelligent agent interpretation and the new process-language behavioral descriptions that eliminate various technical terms. As usual, what is presented are interpretations for the terms and symbols taken from a mathematical theory. It should be self-evident that such interpretations need not be made.
Recall the following definitions.
IMPORTANT: You will find that in scientific discourse, although a model is being discussed and there may be alternatives, the language used is a positive language, where qualifying terms such as "may be, might, probably" are not used. What is used are phrases like "something is . . . . ," "Things are . . . " "It does . . . ." The use of such a positive language often gives the false impression that a model is "beyond any doubt" a factual depiction. If I use a positive language for the GGU-model, then please understand that it should be considered as a model as here defined. Linguistically, continually qualifying the terms used is a bit tedious.
(2) The term physical refers to observable or assumed constituents or processes within a universe and that are accepted by science-communities as "physical" in that they are assumed to occur only within a defined universe or are relative to producing a physical universe. The term, being so dependent, can vary with science-communities and the definition may be consider rather "intuitive" in character.
(3) A defined physical-system is a collection of named physical objects, the constituents, which are so related as to form an identifiable whole. Specific relations between the constituents and other general characteristics are the basis for establishing the behavior of the entire structure. The behavior of the system and its constituents follow physical regulations that are consistent in how they affect physical entities as single objects or collections of such entities. These physical-systems need not be those defined by a physical-science community.
From the mathematical viewpoint, definition (1) can apply to a single physical-system as a whole, where the constituents are ignored.
A physical-like system contains a collection of substratum entities that maybe partially displayed as physical entities. It is related to a physical universe. The collection has properties similar to those of a physical-system as well as properties distinct from those of a physical-system. A few examples are a "mist" that is neither affected by gravity nor wind and the like. Balls of "light" that seem not to be effected by significant physical processes. Any observed singular event that contradicts established physical regulations, regulations governing events in very close proximity to the singular event. Various constituents of the "substratum" [1, pp. 106, 170] that affect a physical universe are often considered to be physical-like. These substratum members behave in a general way like physical entities or processes. As with the physical, they have describable characteristics that are similar to physical behavior but a more in-depth description requires by a higher-language. [For other applications, the substratum might be considered as physical.]
(4) An event is a final and specific result of the GGU-model mechanisms. A physical event is a real event, not a substratum occurrence, within a defined physical universe. A physical-like event is a substratum occurrence, usually assumed real, that has properties similar to a physical event. An ultranatural event, when the term is used in this article, is an assumed real occurrence that is neither a physical event nor a physical-like event.
(5) The term other-system refers to any collection of substratum entities that affects a universe but is neither physical nor physical-like.
(6) Now and then, the term preternatural may be used. This term is used for any of the non-physical GGU-model entities or processes that, when the term is applied, neither carry the intelligent design nor theological interpretation. It is secular in its use.
(7) A (standard) description, in the general GGU-model sense, is a generalized string of symbols that corresponds to human sensory-impressions. The descriptions include actual words and any finite combination taken from a known language. All other sensory-impressions are coded collections that through application of virtual reality processes can be converted into specific sensory-impressions. Each description is a member of a general language L. These impressions include observable machine sensory-information. The term "description" is often considered synonymous with specific information, where descriptions are used as but representations for specific information. Specific information can be defined as a coded symbolic representation, a message, that conveys specific actions.
Descriptions most often invoke mental images. Aspects of GGU-model material are most easily comprehended by considering descriptions as equivalent to mental images, which are additionally transformed into physical events. They may correspond to substratum physical-like entities in a manner similar to how human mental images correspond to brain activity.
(8) In this article, a developmental paradigm d is a sequence of descriptions that depicts the step-by-step develop (evolution) of the physical portion of a universe. (It is contained in a *developmental paradigm.) These descriptions correspond to a sequence of (physical) events. An instruction paradigm, Î, is composed of ordered instruction-information. Each member of an instruction paradigm correspond to each member of a developmental paradigm. Both of these concepts, represent "order" via the sequence notion. An instruction paradigm is the restriction (an ordered portion) of an *instruction paradigm. See (11).
(9) Observer-time is usually considered as members of a physical event sequence that allow defined measurements of "time." It is a portion of the more general primitive-time. However, due to its theory dependent nature, there can be physical events that sequentially do not correspond to observer-time.
(10) Primitive-time is a term used to identify members of a developmental paradigm sequence as well as a corresponding instruction paradigm. It is a sequence and many members do not correspond to moments in observer-time. It is considered as representing a sequence of physical or physical-like or otherwise defined events. (Non-physical events - the physical-like events - are predicted by the mathematics.) Observer-time instances are also primitive-time instances. There can be primitive-time physical events that are not observer-time events.
(11) A physical universe (universe) denotes any describable cosmology that develops relative to entities and processes that are listed by a science-community as physical. A universe-wide frozen-frame is a complete 3-dimensional slice of a physical universe identified by a primitive-time sequence element (i,j).
(12) Consider a term T that has a definition, which includes a set of properties P.
The *T (read as "star" T, or "hyper-T" or "hyperT") has a similar set of properties P' when discussed in a special way.
For the GGU-model, certain of the *T objects also carry the prefix "ultra." But, when the sets of properties are compared, then there can be significant differences between the P and P' properties. Pure objects are neither the * (hyper notation) of any entity nor a standard physical object. (Names for certain pure objects can also carry the prefix "ultra.")
(Note: The bold used for such mathematical objects as the natural numbers is only used in this article for comprehension.) For example, suppose that N= {0,1,2,3,4, . . .} represents the natural numbers and they have the usual ordering < (i.e. 0 , 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < . . . ). (Notice that these are but symbols written left-to-right. They need have no interpretation such as for counting.) Then we know that if a is in N (i.e a ∈ N), then there exists a b ∈ N such that a < b.
The set *N has the same properties relative to < as they are expressed by a formal language for N. But, when N and *N are compared, the set N can be considered a subset of *N (i.e. N ⊂ *N) and *N is not equal to N. It can then be shown that there exists c ∈ *N such that for each a ∈ N, a < c. No member of N has this property. Intuitively, this means that "c" is greater than each natural number. Such c are called infinite numbers. The term "infinite" has different definitions. The word "numbers" most be stated or understood in this discussion. They solve the 300 years old problem of Newton and Leibniz, where these founders of the Calculus used such "numbers" but were unable to obtain consistent properties.
An important property
for N is that for any nonempty subset K of N, with two or more members, K has a "first member" or "smallest member" in terms of <. More formally, this means that there is a k ∈ K such that if a ∈ K, and k not equal to a (i.e. k ≠ a), then k < a. (Mathematically, all we have here is a collection of symbols, where the conclusion is a collection of symbols. This can be written formally to show the rules for the manipulation of these symbols.)
Let Q be the set of all *N that are not members of the natural numbers N - the set of all infinite numbers. Then, there does not
exist a w ∈ Q such that w is smaller than every other member z ∈ Q.
The set of all members of *N less than or equal to any z ∈ *N is called an hyperfinite set.
(13) An operator P represents a set of processes. These processes can take place in various domains or regions. The properties that P satisfies, usually, represent properties that the processes possess. When P is applied to an object then, usually, the result is another object. Notionally, P(A) = B means that "P is applied to the object (represented by) A and the result is the object (represented by) B." The notion of "represent" or "representation" is rather important. Symbols "represent" different objects and they need not be considered as the actual objects. When they do correspond to non-mathematical objects, then relations between such representations are used to model behavior of the objects being represented.
(14) Rather than descriptions, an instruction-set, in general, is a nonempty subset of the general language L. (It tends to be somewhat more useful to consider it as a nonempty subset of L.) The term *instruction-information refers the notion of *meaningful *thoughts and a medium, where the "meaningful thoughts" are modeled by instruction-sets and then these are extended to the "hyper" (*) world. [See reference [5].) For the physical-systems that yield a universe-wide frozen-frame, members of this set are meaningful *statements that describe, in a direct manner, how propertons are combined to produce a finished product.
For the GGU-model processes, *instruction-sets describe the properties of an "info-field," a substratum medium that yields properton combinations that produce physical-systems. Each universe-wide frozen-frame is obtained from an *instruction-set member of the *instruction paradigm. However, there is a second type of *instruction paradigm(q,r), Î(q,r), for each member of an *instruction paradigm. This *instruction paradigm yields, in the proper order, each physical or physical-like system contained in a universe-wide frozen-frame and each such frozen-frame as well.
The *instruction paradigm-(q,r) for a particular *instruction-set member of an *instruction paradigm, contains (q,r)-*instruction-sets that yield physical or physical-like events. Each of the (q,r)-*instructions-sets, contains (q,r)-*instructions that yield material physical or physical-like events. However, the physical-like events can be
"empty" events, in which case, only a physical-system is produced. The term "physical-system" refers to such an occurrence. The Î(q,r) is more fully discussed after display (IV). The (q,r)-*instruction-set for each member of a (q,r)-*instruction paradigm is composed of the complete collection of all of the (q,r)-*instructions. These are, of course, also *instructions and only need to be identified as (q,r)-*instructions for special purposes.
Each physical-like event produced by an info-field corresponds to higher-language instruction in the *instruction-set. As yet, the properties of an info-field that determine physical-like events have not been determined. The method used to "design" each universe-wide frozen-frame as it relates to each of the postulated cosmologies contains a vast collection of physical-systems, in some cases, infinitely many physical-systems as well as physical-like systems. For any cosmology, there is a vast collection *universe-wide frozen-frames each of which is a physical-like system. The major portion of each info-field directly corresponds to predictions made by members of the *instruction-set and these yield physical reality. The remaining portion of an info-field is predicted by other members of the *instruction-set. As mentioned, members of an *instruction-set can yield a physical-system or a physical-like system.
A developmental paradigm directly corresponds to a sequence instruction-sets and yield an instruction paradigm. This idea is patterned after the notion used in biology. Members of an *instruction-set behave in a manner that is similar to physical theories and physical laws that can be categorized as instructions for combining constituents in order to produce physical entities. For the theological interpretation, info-fields are intuitively distinct from the secular field notion.
As examples, consider quantum particle theories and the many descriptions in biology and chemistry that satisfy the same notion of combining constituents to produce more complex physical entities. Physical science attempts to use the gleaned physical laws or instructions (rules) to show how, when they are applied, physical entities are produced. Obviously, the human mind has been used to construct and state specific physical laws or theories that when combined yield the instructions.
Of great importance to comprehension is the fact that, for a specific physical law, predicted physical behavior requires application of human mental process in order to make such a prediction. This is what the physical scientist does. Assuming that physical laws represent relations between physical entities and that the entities and laws exist, then this corresponds to "something" in the physical world that mimics such mental processes.
There are three GGU-model interpretations, secular, intelligent design, and pure theological. Relative to information, these correspond, respectively, to info-fields, *instruction-sets (with info-fields variations), and thoughts.
So as not to confuse general universe creating rules with the physical laws, as indicated, GGU-model universe creating rules are members of *instruction-set. Members of an *instruction-set first state how many ultra-propertons are to be combined to produce physical entities that combine to form a physical-system at each moment in its development. Then they describe combinations of propertons at various levels of complexity. Finally, they *described the behavior associated with other unknown constituents that yield physical-like events and physical-like behavior. Once the physical entities are produced, their behavior, with exceptions, satisfies physical laws. Each ultra-properton, at the least, carries each defined physical property as an individually coded infinitesimal or statements.
(15) Ultrawords and ultra-word-like objects are, most often, substratum objects that behave like super-compressed collections of information in various forms. For certain applications, they can represent super-compressed general descriptions. Various collections of objects although constructed from objects that are members of an language *L are not, usually considered as an ultraword in *L. Such collections are called ultra-word-like objects. Some of these can be modified so as to be equivalent to ultrawords.
Of significance is that "logical processes" are performable on sets of words or sets of sets of words. The deduction is simply other sets of words. This is done when one, via deduction, selects books or libraries. A library can be considered as shelves. The shelves contain the books, which contain pages. What is written or displayed on each page is a word. One must apply mental processes to select specific books from a specific shelve, open the book and read it page-by-page. For this model, this is an important example for the intuitive meaning of the terms word-like and ultra-word-like. However, such ordered reading and speaking is equivalent to an ultraword coupled with specific mental instructions. In the repeated case, where *instruction-sets are presented twice in the "linear" form, this merely requires that one deduced, after the first case, each repeated case. The *speaking or *reading order satisfies the ordered *instruction paradigm.
(16) In general, let XXXXX be a name for a object or concept that is characterized by a set of properties including any describable behavior. The term XXXXX-like refers to an object or concept that is characterized by various properties similar to those of XXXXX and, often, has additional describable properties or behavior that differentiates it from XXXXX.
(17) A logic-system is a symbolic way to represent rules of inference. In the cases used in this article, rules of inference "represent" the input and output results of mental deduction. The actual way the brain may physically produce the results is not investigated.
(18) The logic-system algorithm, as illustrated in this article, is a fixed rule for using an hypothesis (premise) to rationally deduce specific entities. The actual defined rules of inference are incorporated within each member of a logic-system . Only two rules of inference are used for universe generation and they are completely illustrated. They are based upon classical (scientific) logic.
(19) In some cases, the generic expression mode of thought is used for a logic-system.
(20) A finite consequence operator is defined on sets of words taken from a language and, in this case, various sets of sets words or even sets of sets of sets of words. Such operators are produced by logic-systems and conversely. Finite consequence operators have a few properties that mimic the very basic processes used in general modes of deduction. Other properties emerge when they are investigated via abstract algebra. Their close relation to logic-systems was shown in 2001 and 2005. The logic-systems used to generate a universe are extensions of such systems as they are displayed within this article.
(21) The GGU-model uses the notion of pre-design. It is a model for behavior and as such the entities used that reveal the behavior are not necessarily the actual processes nor entities that yield such behavior. The concepts of the temporal, non-temporal sequential and neither of these - the atemporal - are discussed more fully elsewhere. The problem is that human behavior and its comprehension is sequential. Biblically, the temporal is used as a means of describing God's behavior that is actually atemporal.
The view from the created as to the behavior of the creator is thus colored by the internal view of external higher-intelligence behavior. The model is an attempt to describe behavior in a comprehensible rational manner. The notion of pre-design can be more easily comprehended by considering the concept of potential or perspective behavior that is comprehensible to His created. Thus, one can state that God rationally and atemporally conceives of designs that purposely yield, from the view of His created, temporal and non-temporal but sequentially processes that sequentially yield His created physical and physical-like events. This is what "pre-design" means. The "pre" signifies an atemporal (mental-like) conception.
There is a problem with presenting this material. How do I present it so that others can comprehended what has been accomplished? Below I list a few definitions for the terms and some symbols used. Unfortunately, the Complete GGU-model can only be properly expressed when the below "hyper" langrage is used. Then a hyper-statement or hyper-symbol can have a portion that behaves in a manner similar to the statement or symbol without the "hyper" notation. This is the standard physical behavior that might be observable. On the other hand, it can have a portion that describes only physical-like behavior. Then there are statements and symbols, not of that type, that describe only physical-like behavior. Here is how I'll proceed after certain definitions are recalled.
"Is it conceivable that immaterial factors having the nature of images, ideas, 'building plains' also intervene in the evolution of the world as a whole?" My answer to this question is, yes! Notice that "images, ideas,
'building plains' " can be generally classified as "thoughts." The facts are that comprehension of certain substratum processes and entities is only possible when appropriate "mental-like" language is employed. I may mention this fact more than once.
The fundamental bases for the General Grand Unification model (GGU-model) is that, via human mental processes and images, there is a direct correlation between general descriptions and the physical entities and the physical behavior being described. A general description is, in this sense, equivalent to a mental image, which is equivalent to a physical event.When I read instructions that lead to my constructing a physical object, they appear to me as "spoken" mental words and images. I then can mentally apply the instructions and mentally construct the object. It is not in the physical reality outside of my brain until I duplicate this object in the physical world. The Complete GGU-model as theologically applied states that God applies such mental-like processes in a similar but higher-intelligence manner. I emphasize that higher mental-like processes are NOT hypothesized, they are predicted. All of this is considered as "immaterial" in that it does not occur within a physical universe. He then applies a single process to change such mental constructions into physical reality. In brief, God "thinks" physical reality into existence. This may be the only way we, at present, can comprehend how God has created a physical universe and sustains His creation. The remainder of this article, among many other things, presents mathematically based rational descriptions that, when theologically interpreted, lead to this basic conclusion.
[F]rom the view point of how natural law is expressed today, information theory would only represent a model that mirrors certain aspects of natural system behavior that we seem unable to comprehend without its use. . . . Nobel Laureate Louis deBroglie wrote:
(1) The first and most important concept is that of a "model." For this article, a model is a mental or otherwise material representation - a description, diagrams, images - for "things" such as entities, processes, behavior that we probably cannot otherwise comprehend. Whether a model is real or not often depends upon a philosophic stance and is not completely dependent upon evidence. In physical science, if two or more distinct models predict the same observable evidence and there is no direct evidence that any one of the model's premises is false, then it is fact that a choice is made based upon other criteria that can include arbitrary rules as to when one model is "better than" another or that it upholds a previously selected philosophic stance. There is no absolute requirement based upon observable science that guarantees that one model, from a list of competing models, is the only correct one.
The method used differs from the Baconian method of pure experimental science and the pure assumed hypothesis-deduction approach of theoretic science. It incorporates the best of both approaches.
The (Herrmann) method. [[Although not first presented in this form, intuitively, this is how the method was conceived. The mathematics used is a combination of the standard methods of analysis and methods from mathematical logic. The in-depth development of the mathematics began in 1966.]] Actual observed behavior (the data) is mathematically modeled. This behavior corresponds to actual physical entities. All of this real behavior and the actual observable physical entities that yield this behavioral can be considered, in a technical sense, the physical “axioms (hypotheses)” used for the model. Replication is used to verify that such behavior remains valid. [[A math. model has two sets of “axioms” – the mathematical ones and the non-mathematical, which can be the ones describing behavior.]]
Via deduction other entities are predicted. These predictions correspond to sets of observed and unobserved behavior (data). The predicted sets of observed behavior are related to the original physical behavior and the predicted behavior is verified. For general intelligent design, the unobserved behavior is shown to verify philosophic or theological descriptions. [The Herrmann method includes how the mathematical model is constructed so as to reveal more unobserved behavior and the rational methods used to make comparisons between observed and unobserved behavior.]
Early history cosmology and quantum physics assumes that there are entities and processes that cannot be directly observed. There are numerously many examples of this. The entities and processes are used to predict behavior that is physically observed and the assumed entities and processes are accepted as physically "real" based only upon this indirect evidence. For the method I use, the predicted entities and processes predict directly observable data. Hence, in a much stronger fashion than early history cosmology and quantum physics, the entities and processes predicted by the GGU-model method can be more readily accepted.
An example of my method. By comparison with real observations for human behavior, unobserved behavior of an higher-intelligence is predicted and then described. If we exist, then mathematically such an entity that, at last has these properties, is predicted to exist. Of course, such comparisons are only for those attributes that can be compared. The higher-intelligence has many attributes that are not so comparable. For the secular GGU-model approach, the new entities and unobserved behavior correspond to physical-like entities and behavior that produce and sustain the development of any known purely physical cosmology.
Empirical science is based upon reflective guesses. Data-sets are recorded from observation and they are related to physical behavior via educated guesses. The first guesses are usually wrong. After trying varies ones, in some cases over many years, a guess is obtained that satisfies the data-set. The guessed at relations are often used to predict other associated behavior. Kepler empirically obtained, from the behavior of Mars, laws of planetary motion. He then, via induction, extended them to the other planets. From these laws, the Newtonian Law of gravity for circular motion can be deduced. Then this is generalized to all motion that involves bodies that possess mass. Thus, a predicted result leads to a significant generalization. I note that in modern particle physics the entity that is claimed to carry the actual force of gravity, the graviton, is not observable.
My approach is not actually a guess. I knew some-how-or-other from my experience or otherwise that if I modeled the data-sets using a new mathematical approach, then it is most likely that I would be able to solve the General Grand Unification Problem and secure the GID-interpretation. I have developed elsewhere a model the shows rationally that immaterial entities can influence human thought. Prior to 7 April 1977, I exhibited no great creative ability. This is not the case after that date. I always give credit to God for immaterially influencing my thoughts. To Him belongs the glory.
As the mathematics is applied, six meaningful languages are developed, where one mostly has meaning only to an higher-intelligence. Three of these languages can describe different properties. Besides the mathematicians meta-language, which is a native language, such as English, German, etc. combined with symbols and used to describe the meta-world, the other five are the "standard, internal, external, sigma and higher" languages, and "worlds" as described by these five languages. The standard, internal and sigma languages have the same properties when viewed within their respective worlds. It is the view taken from the meta-world that is the most significant. (The sigma language is not displayed within this article.)
The term "world" as used here means "descriptions via a language." It does include imagery, diagrams and even other sensory information. The meta-world includes the standard, internal, external-worlds and does not entirely include the higher language, but it describes various higher language properties. Except as one might illustrate behavior, one should not imagine as a reality any of the special GGU-model properton entities in any visual form other than their symbolic representation. One can state that there "may be things" that behave in the stated manners or that "something" behaviors in a specific manner. These things can be either material or immaterial, when described. But, the GGU-model is just that a "model" for behavior. This always needs to be understood.
For example, the informal symbols A, B, C are standard language symbol used to describe things in a standard world. In a standard language, you only describe standard objects. These are mathematically formalized and when this is done they are written as A, B, C. In this article, the symbol hyper-A (*A) represents an "extended standard" internal-world alphabet symbol. If I continued discussing the other languages in detail, then one might find the subject additionally complex. It is due to these different languages that apparent contradictions are eliminated. This is especially so for the theological concepts of the "temporal," "non-temporal sequential," and "atemporal."
Logical contradictions depend upon the particular language being used AND, for applications, the additional "world" or "meanings" applied to the terms. Mike uses a standard world language and states, "The frequency of a photon cannot be both 17865 and not 17865. I observe it as 17865." But, consider an individual, Joe, using the "internal" language and view. In this language, there is a number ||| that is not in the standard language. Joe states, "The perceived photon has the frequency 17865 + ||| and not 17865." But, for the same photon, Mike still claims its frequency is 17865. Joe communicates with Mike and hears, "Its frequency is 17865 ." The standard person ignores the pause and states, "That's what I said, it's 17865." Joe replies, "No, Mike your wrong, its 17865 + ||| and not 17865." What does Mike hear, "No, Mike your wrong, it's 17865 and not 17865." Mike believes that Joe has stated a contradiction.
Clearly, the problem is that Mike has no comprehension as to what the blank space signifies since he cannot perceive the ||| on his gages. Notice this is all described from the meta-world using the meta-language. If this could not have been so described, an explanation as to why these statements are not actually contradictory is not easily produced, if at all.
The fact is that only the meta-world yields the overall truth. Consider the meta-language string of symbols, hyper-N - N = N'. From the standard world, this reads "- N = ." From the internal world, this reads "hyper-N = ." From the external world, this reads "- N = N'." But the meta-world tells us that from the standard and internal worlds the symbol strings have no meaning whenever interpreted. Then the external world statement is a contradiction for both the external and meta-worlds. These language facts can extend to descriptions of our physical world and other descriptions. In these cases, an explanation or a meaning can result from additional terms that allow for a more refined and meaningful description. Without this, someone within a world may use the intimating word "nonsense" to restrain any further investigation. For the GGU-model, it is only from the meta-world that significant GGU-model "truth" is obtained.
[[I have shown that for General Relativity and elsewhere that the physical notions are considered first and the mathematical interpretations and predictions are further developed after this. To avoid contradictions, mathematical predictions associated with an interpretation may need to be reject as "extraneous" or "pathological" in that they do not all actually present physical fact.]]
In scientific experiments, certain observed behavior within the standard world has no temporal explanation. It is simply accepted without any explanation. But, this behavior does have an explanation when viewed from the meta-world. In one room, an experiment has been proceeding for many weeks. Mike starts days after the experiment has started and begins observing counters on a panel, where he first sets the counters to zero. He has no idea whether the experiment is being used to verify a prediction or to obtain empirical information. He than makes a list of the counter results. Counter G proceeds one step each time a certain type of gun fires a projectile. The second counter S proceeds one step each time the projectile hits a target (a success). The absolute assumption is that there is no knowable relation that guides how the gun fires and that is based upon a specific fact of whether the previous projectile hits the target or not.
Mike lists the ratios G/S. After working for three hours, Mike's list is 0/1, 0/2, 1/3, 2/4, 3/4, 3/5, 3/6, . . . , 245/327, 245/328, 245/329, 246/330, 247/331, 248/332, 249/333, 250/334. Mike notices that the first ratios, in decimal form, vary a lot, 0.0, 0.0, 0.333, 0.5, 0.75, but the last ones are very near to 0.75 and they look like they are staying "near" or getting "nearer" to 0.75.
In a different room, Bob has an identical set of counters. Bob has the same lack of knowledge as Mike and he also makes a list. He starts with his counters set at zero two hours after Joe started. After a few minutes Bob's G/S ratio is 1/4 = 0.25. A the moment Bob gets his first target hit, Mike's ratio is 245/327 = 0.749. Of course, the gages that Joe and Bob use register the same unit change for the same firings or hits. Also, the first ratios are not the same as Mike's and indeed even after Bob has counted 327 firings the ratio of success to the number of projectiles fired is definitely not as near to 0.75 as those that Mike counted. Notice that in both cases, neither Mike nor Bob have any idea if this makes sense or not.
But, Bob continues until the G counter says 1,100. At that moment, the S counter states 823. He notices that the ratio is 0.748. Mike and Bob don't know that a physical theory has predicted that these ratios will continue to group more and more closely about 0.75. Indeed, this experiment verifies this prediction. Why does a large number of firings as compared to hits "converge" to a specific number and this is not dependent upon when you begin counting? But how is this all possible unless in some way the gun is being directed or a projectile striking the target does influence the path of the other projectiles, or . . . ?
As noted previously, this behavior is explained when viewed from the non-temporal meta-world. This behavior satisfies the predictions of non-temporal meta-world behavior as modeled by "hyperlogics." Any detailed description as to why this yields the results appears to require a higher-language. Properties of these processes display a signature that states that the pre-designed behavior satisfies an higher-intelligence process and we neither have the language nor intelligence to comprehend exactly why this experiment behaves this way. But, we have been allowed to predict, with great precession, the ratios IF enough projectiles are fired.
In summary, for the GGU-model, the "standard" language has two forms - the informal and formal. The informal is from the standard dictionaries one commonly finds in books detailing defined physical behavior or philosophic concepts. The formal is the mathematical representation for the informal. The "internal" language describes behavior in the "internal" world. The "external" language describes behavior in an "external" world. It is not necessary for the reader to have any great comprehension as to these differences. That's my job. When possible, I use the meta-language to give meaningful "comparisons" relative to observable standard behavior.
The GGU-model was first conceived in 1979 under a different name, the MA-model. It was not until 1995, that an entity was created that now leads to a rather simple, but partial, mimicking for the GGU-model processes employed to generate a universe. The entity is the DVD. (The term "instructions" is also used for non-GGU-model purposes.) One can consider the DVD as a device that, via software, contains coded instructions that instruct the hardware of a DVD player to construct a video signal that leads to a reproduction of images that originally are coded and represented by the variations (pits, lands, etc.) on the surface of the DVD. All that follows was originally and can still be re-phrased only in terms of general descriptions. I present only the newest version.
The basic operator employed in [1] is the "finite consequence operator." Properties of a collection of such operators are determined by "lattice theory" and, in some cases, this requires considerable abstract mathematics. In 2001, the notion of the "logic-system" was discovered and shown to generate a finite consequence operator. See this paper. Then in 2005, it was shown that a finite consequence operator determines a logic-system such that when the logic-system is used to generate a finite consequence operator the result is the same operator that determined the logic-system. See this paper.
As demonstrated below, logic-systems and their properties are easily described in pictorial form. To obtain a deduction, a rule is employed that is so simple that, as experiments show, it can be applied by eight-year old children. The consequence operator methods as they appear in [1] and [1a] are still viable, especially if reductionism is assumed. Also, such operators can be used when "covirtual universes" are used to satisfy the "participator" requirements. Once the appropriate entities are obtained, one can switch to an equivalent logic-system.
All of the basic GGU-model processes are modeled in specific and significant ways. The mathematics directly predicts other fundamental objects. Each process used can now be directly related to real human mental and physical processes. Of considerable importance is that the General Intelligent Design interpretation (GID-model) predicts the existence an higher-intelligence, where such an intelligence is compared to human intelligence relative to deductive thought. Such an higher-intelligence is not postulated, it is predicted from how humans behave. Its relation to various defined creationary operators is inductive in character.The following scheme (0) relates directly to many human forms of behavior. These are described via the "H" statements following this scheme. [[Usually, but not always, mathematicians write the members of this (0) scheme from right-to-left as it relates to application. All schemes of this type that appear in this article are written in an application mode from left-to-right. The symbol Λ is a capital lambda.]]
Consider ten shelves of books. These shelves are constructed with long front doors that are locked via a combination lock. The doors open upward and roll back over books that sit on the shelve. The books contain instruction-sets for building, in a step-by-step manner, via laminations, a large wooden globe. The laminates are to be made from very thin wooden disc-like sections. The measurements for the laminates must be very accurate so as to have the usual slight "flatness" at the poles and "bulging" in the middle. The laminates are to be ordered from the south-pole to the north-pole. Relative to the poles and equator, there are ten different globe designs from which to choose.H1 After some thought, Bob selects the box marked W since he has in mind a specific design.
H2 There is a mental process, S, Bob needs to go through in order to unlock the box of books.
H3 Bob applies this mental process A' to the contents of the box and places the books on a shelve.
H4 The number of laminates determines the overall size of the globe. Bob picks the book B = Λ(96) that uses n = 96 laminates. Page one has the title, "Instructions for a Laminate Construction for a size 96 Laminated Globe." (This is the multi-complexity concept being applied. The number "n" is a measure of the "complexity." It this case, the fineness of the globe features depends upon the "n" chosen.)
H5 As a safeguard, the books are constructed in such a manner that duplicate instruction-set appear on two pages. One should appear on the left-hand even numbered page and there should be a duplicate on the very next odd numbered page. If this does not occur, then Bob knows that the book was compiled incorrectly and he should not proceed. The reason for this special book construction is to make sure the laminates are fastened together in the correct order. The instruction-set for the first laminate to be constructed is contained on page 2 of a book. It has a code name I(96,2) that is written on the laminate when it's completed. The page itself is considered as a "set." So, I(96,2) can also be considered as a code name for an instruction-set although it may contain but one member. So, obviously, I(96,2) is a member of the book Λ(96).
H6 Bob begins his laminate construction by first mentally determining, via A, that there is a instruction-set I(a,b) on page 2 of the book and, if so, he will use I(a,b) to construct the first laminate. In this case, I(a,b) exists as page 2.
H7 Bob considers the elemental material and the instructions on page 2. Using his brain and without considering how his brain is translating the instructions into his physical actions, he constructs the laminate. He gathers his tools together, including a jigsaw, an exceptionally strong glue, and selects a rectangular piece of wood. This corresponds to the G as an operator. He first marks the portions to be cut out from a rectangular piece of the material, There are two semicircular-discs to be cut out and glued together. He uses the jigsaw to give the outer edge of the disc-like shapes little peaks and indentations as required by the instructions. This is done so that, when the globe is finished, it has high and low places for land features, rivers, lakes, bays, and oceans, where artists will complete the final appearance. This is the actual work, St, he does to change the instructions on page 2 into physical reality.
Steps H6 and H7 are repeated in the following manner.
H6 Bob mentally determines, via A, whether the instructions on page 2 appear on page 3. If so, he turns the page, via A, to page 4 and will use the instructions on that page to construct the next laminate. In this case, there are instructions on page 4.
H7 Bob considers the elemental material and the instructions page 4. Using his brain and without considering how his brain is translating the instructions into his physical actions, he constructs each laminate. He gathers his tools together, including the exceptionally strong glue, and selects a rectangular piece of wood. This corresponds to the G as an operator. He first marks the portions to be cut out from a rectangular piece of the material, There are two such half-discs to be cut out and glued together. This is the actual work, St, he does to change the instructions on page 4 into physical reality.
This step-by-step repetition continues until all of the laminates are constructed in the proper order. But Bob stops at each step and makes one final check. The instruction-sets that appear on the even numbered pages yield an instruction paradigm.
What is the final check? There is another scheme that looks this:
(Note: In all of the illustration, I use the set brackets about the string of symbols W and #W but not elsewhere. This is to show that there is but one such string used in each case. The description f(a,b) used as the first design, in the ordering of designs, and, for the first instruction-set I(a,b), it is either a set of more than one member or just one member.)
Prior to starting his construction Bob has also gone through the same procedures as before and here marked as the H'i as i varies from 1 to 6 except that the pages on the similar marked book B' do not contain instructions for each laminate. They contain a description in words or a drawing or an image of how his constructions should appear. In this case, before continuing to the next step in his constructions, Bob compares his finished result with the corresponding drawing. These drawings are made by the designer of the globe and the instructions are written by a technical writer. These are the exact procedures used throughout our world. In this case, what appears on the even numbered pages yields the corresponding development paradigm d. Without displaying the fine details, this is how the drawings appear.
After Bob completes the entire set of 96 laminates, he sends the set to another department for final assembly. For a more complete illustration of how a construction company would employ both (0) and (0') to construct a 100 story building, see this very brief description.
So, how do these notions generate a universe, even one of infinite extent or one that has no beginning or no ending in observer-time?
In all cases for the applications, such "standard" schemes are not written in the customary mathematics "composition" form. Intuitively, the various (({W},S)) exist. Then algorithm A' is applied. This produces a collection of (Λ(i), I(a,b)) from which an appropriate (Λ(n), I(a,b)) is selected. Then application of algorithm A produces, in order, instruction-sets to which the "properton gathering" operator G is applied. The result is a universe-wide info-field. Then lastly the realization operator St is applied to a info-field and a universe-wide frozen-frame is obtained. But, this is only the intuitively standard approach and it will not generate an actual universe. What is needed is predicted from this standard scheme.
What is discussed in the "H" statements is an "interpretation" for the symbols displayed. This interpretation has associated human mental and physical procedures with mathematical symbols from a specific mathematical theory. Although not first constructed to conform to this type of configuration, one can model the intuitive concepts displayed by schemes (0) and (0') via mathematics. This yields a "mathematical model." Starting in 1961, a vast amount of effort has been expended in order to obtain a rational and fixed method that yields this modification to the original standard symbols. The result is a statement about objects within a "nonstandard model." When this is done you get schemes like (I) displayed at the beginning of this article. In order to consistently interpret the new symbols, new terms are necessary. This is where the internal, external and meta-langrage terms are employed.
A universe can be considered as a physical-system composed of numerously many other physical-systems. Using the new terms and the properties they display, the GGU-model states specifically that, due to the presence of physical-like "ultranatural" events, the fine-details for universe generation need not be describable via any comprehensible language. These ultranatural events can indirectly affect physical events. I have speculated that such influences will be observed for large configurations. Thus the recently discovered acceleration of our universe's expansion does not require "dark energy." This can be caused by additive miniscule influences of ultranatural events. The GGU-model gives other possibilities as well.
Recall that (general) instruction-sets [resp. descriptions] are for moments in primitive-time, while pure-instructions [resp. pure-descriptions] are for *-primitive-time. The term "primitive-time" only means that there is a sequence of instructions [resp. descriptions], an instruction paradigm [resp. developmental paradigm] that leads to an event sequence. For moments in observer (i.e. measurable) time, an event sequence corresponds to actual physical events. In scheme (I) the #W is called an "ultra-word-like" object. [[In a different condensed format, one form of universe generation begins with an ultimate ultraword w [1, pp. 101, 106]. This ultimate ultraword will generate each physical-system. However, it is no longer used since the same result now follows by incorporated physical and physical-like systems within the original sequences *f(i,j) and *I(i,j) [1] ]]
As illustrated by books such as B, it may appear that more than one universe is necessary, for the GGU-model, in order to generate libraries of covirtual universes, which are used to model participator alterations. This is discussed in [1]. Covirtual universes are specifically defined in this article. The most basic process original applied is the ultralogic *S. In [1], this operator separates ultimate ultraword w into other ultrawords w' that generate each physical-system. Using *S properties, the operator *S is then applied to each w' and further processes, as discussed below, are applied. However, new procedures are discussed in this article and they are formally presented in this paper on ultra-logic-systems.
Consider the 96 developmental paradigm descriptions employed by Bob. These descriptions appear on even numbered pages. Let's denote these by members of the set of symbols {d(1), d(2), d(3), . . . ,d(96)}. (The { x x x } indicates a "set" or "collection" of the "stuff" x x x between the { and }. An x is called an element or member of the set. The , . . . , means that from the members illustrated you should be able to follow the indicated rule and fill in the missing members.) Call these technical drawings.
Let's model the pages of the book B'. Except for page 2, page 3 might be modeled by a left-to-right ordering represented by the pair <d(1), d(2)>. (Reading left-to-right, the "first coordinate" is d(1) and he "second coordinate" is d(2).) Thus, what we get if we continue this process and include d(1), is the set {d(1), <d(1),d(2)>, <d(2),d(3)>, <d(3),d(4)>, . . . , <d(95), d(96>}. This is actually the proper notation for a "logic-system." Then you have the corresponding system {I(1), <I(1),I(2)>, <I(2),I(3)>, <I(3),I(4)>, . . . , <I(95), I(96>}. For the two schemes (0) and (0'), the I(1) = I(a,b) and d(1) = f(a,b). Although GGU-model instructions deal with substratum processes, they use physical laws as a model and also relate directly to human behavior and mental processes. The instructions and corresponding d(i) are directly related to the physical event, to a specific laminate. There is a simpler approach to the ordered pair form and this is used in this article.
Suppose you know that "If Bob goes to the store, then he will buy a new coat." So, Bob goes to the store. Hence, "he will buy a new coat." The physical mental processes that lead to this conclusion do not concern us. The processes are "modeled" via what is put into a brain, and what conclusion the brain states. This same logical pattern holds for any such conditional statement. So, it can be written in a general form as (1) If P, then Q, (2) P, (3) (therefore) Q, where P and Q are any meaningful expressions. To remember this, one "sees" that given (1) and (2), then Q is detached and is the logical conclusion, a deduction. This is the rule of detachment or more formally "modus ponens."
In the subject of "formal logic," symbols such as →, ↔, ¬, ∧, ∨, ∃, ∀ and others are used as abbreviations for statements such as (1) and others that constitute a fixed specific form of discourse. However, these symbols all have informal meanings IF translated. For (1), one writes P → Q. Logic is not dependent upon any "meanings" accorded the P, Q or any other symbols such as P(x,y). Hence, logical deduction is not dependent upon meanings accorded the P, Q, etc. Abstract mathematics, where symbols are manipulated under specific rules, is the primary science where meanings are neither assigned to the A, B, a, b, . . , nor to the variables x, y. (However, motivation may have come from meaningful assignments.) This is why mathematics is used throughout other disciplines since one can substitute different meanings for the symbols used and the results satisfy strict rules for logical discourse.In general, logic-systems are defined via the notion of "ordered n-tuples" like the ordered pairs displayed above. These are the rules of inference. The actual model for the mental processes that yield a deduction is the algorithm. As used by the mathematician, this can be a rather difficult procedure since it often involves selection from a potentially infinite collection of symbol strings. But, for this model, this is a simple procedure that can even be duplicated by a machine. The algorithm is written informally and gives a rule for dealing with symbols. It's to be repeated the exact same way whenever applied.
The ordered pair approach is not used for this special case. One only needs to consider the P and Q as distinct objects in a two member set {P,Q}. Then given a single object, an hypothesis or deduced object P, the deduction algorithm states that if a complete symbolic form X is a member of a two element set, then you deduce the other member. If you obtain a deduction from a two element set, then that set is not used again. This deduced object is also termed a "conclusion." For the GGU-model, they are always distinct. [[Each contains a *primitive time identifier as described in [1a] or by simply considering
In all that follows within the text portion of this article, the deduction algorithm is denoted by A [resp. A']. How would one apply this (repeated) "deduction algorithm," A, to more than one "If P, then Q" statement? Suppose you're given the phrase A and the following "binary" logic-system. Due to how an alphabet is formed, it is useful in the following illustrations to use symbols such as, A(1), A(2), A(3), etc. as alphabet symbols. The number symbols that appear are those of the usual counting numbers.
Let X(6) denote the following 6 piece logic-system.
Your first step is A(1). ("A(1)" is an hypotheses or premise.) Now the rule, the algorithm, for two member sets is used. The symbol A(1) appears in {A(1), A(2)}. Deduction step (2) is A(2). Now repeat the rule with any deduction previously obtained. You do not us the set {A(1), A(2)} again since if you did you would deduce nothing new. The A(2) appears in {A(2), A(3)}. Hence, step (3) is A(3). Repeating, we have A(3) is a member of {A(3), A(4)}. Thus, step (4) is A(4). Finally, using A(4) we have that deduced step 5 is A(5). However, neither A(10) nor A(12) is a conclusion. So, not all of the "symbols" that appear in logic-system X(6) are deducible. Some of the terms that are used to indicate that a deduction has occurred are "Hence, So, Thus, Therefore, Consequently." Notice that the 5 piece logic-system you get by removing {A(10),A(12)} yields the set of all the logic-system symbols used. That is, {A(1), A(2), A(3), A(4), A(5)}.
In formal deduction, the hypothesis A(1) or any other deduced object can be used repeatedly. But, for this case, no new conclusions are obtained. In such deduction, the human mind is assumed to be the controlling factor. We mentally decide upon what portions of the logic-system to use or not to use. Thus, adding the requirement that such doubleton sets only be used once is an allowable part of the general algorithm for logic-system deduction.
I'm sure you can construct logic systems X(5), X(6), X(7), indeed, X(any size) such that a step-by-step deduction will yield each of the symbols used. Just use the above example without a set like {A(10), A(12)} that has nothing in common with any of the other two member sets.
The method demonstrated in the paragraph above and one with a slight variation are the only deduction algorithms needed for the entire GGU and GID model. [[Logic-systems determine finite consequence operators and conversely. To obtain the operator that relates sets of objects constructed from a language L to sets of objects constructed from L, take a subset W of L. Then completely apply the logic-system and algorithm to W. This yields a set of objects. So, if I denote the relation by C, what we have is that this process takes W and yields C(W). Such a finite consequence operator C has various properties. For the logic-system just described, suppose that your set of hypotheses is {A(1), A(10)}. Then C({A(1), A(10)} = {A(1), A(10), A(2), A(2), A(3), A(4)}. (Unless otherwise stated, the deduced results always include the hypotheses,) But, C({A(10)}) = {A(10), A(12)}. Consequence operator notation is not used in this article.]]
As first proposed, the basic operator used for the GGU-model is S [1, p. 104; 1a]. This is denoted by the same symbol as the logic-system used in this article. However, since only logic-systems are employed in this article, no confusion should occur. As demonstrated below, the simple mode of human thought illustrated above by the algorithm is employed billions and billions of times a day. It is the rule of detachment (modus ponens) in abbreviated form. But, to what is this rule applied for the GGU-model?
Isn't the following a rather acceptable mental fact? "If Joe goes to the store and Pete goes to the game, then Joe goes to the store." "If Joe goes to the store and Pete goes to the game, then Pete goes to the game." This is an example of what is called a "tautology." In logic, both of these statements are "true" even if neither Joe nor Pete go anywhere. This means that they can always be used, any time they are needed, in an everyday logical argument .
In formal logic, there is the idea that "A and (B and C)" and "(A and B) and C" should be logically equivalent. Of course, in normal human mental activities the notion that one first considers the A and B, and then the "and" C, or the A, then the "and" B and C is not considered. We freely mixup the A, B, C or change the order without considering it as a logical error. In the following logic system notion, this equivalence is assumed. So, if the hypothesis is the (symbolically represented) AandBandC, then these produce by the rule of detachment, the A, B and C. Notice that there is but a finite set {A,B,C} of deductions. Such tautologies produce a logic-system as follows:
Then for two "ands", we have:
As mentioned, such symbols as . . . . . . . . mean to continue this pattern, at the least in our imagination. Notice that the X(1), X(2), X(3) are just considered as symbols. But they can also be interpreted as sets of actual language words. That is "books" with instructions on the pages.
In formal propositional deduction other objects are deduced; the "X(1)andX(2) and the X(2)andX(3)," for example. But, S in this article does not contain any logical axioms as does the S in [1] and [1a] and these other forms are not deduced.
It turns out by the mathematical process called "induction," for any natural number n, there is a form of the type "X(1)andX(2)and . . . " with n "and"s between the statements. (In general a language can contain any appropriate collection of objects.) By the way, the symbols 1, 2, 3, 4, can be represented by other symbols like |, ||, |||, ||||. These are called Kleene tick marks.
The above conjunctive form is only used for a language L. Thus, for the idea of sets of sets of words, the basic idea of "set-builder" notion is employed. The "and" has certain logical properties. For example, it makes little difference if you mixup the X(1), X(2), . . . in the "and" form. The deduction still yields the individual members X(1), X(2), X(3), . . . . Hence, replace the X(1)andX(2)andX(3)and . . . with {X(1), X(2), X(3), . . .}. The rule is; replace "and" with a ",". This is what one means by "set-building." The stuff inside the { and } is either defined formally or in an acceptable informal way, like the one here displayed, that, in this case, actually has a more formal definition. To be accurate, each member of a set of hypotheses can be employed to obtain deductions. Most of the time the hypotheses are merely stated and the set notation is not used. Our use of the two member set process simplifies the notation. Each member of the above logic-system now appears as follows, where the placement of to the double {{ and }} is essential.
Then for two "ands", we have, for S(3):
Take as an hypothesis the set {X(1), . . . , X(10)}. Now apply the logic-system algorithm A to {X(1), . . . , X(10)} using logic-system S(10). For this informal case, this is denoted by A((S,{X(1), . . . , X(10)})) by mathematicians but for us by (({X(1), . . . , X(10)}, S) A). (Note that the "S" is not identified as S(10) since the logic-system to which it applies gives this information.) In pieces, it tells us three things. First the logic-system being used. Then the object that acts like a premise. And finely, that the algorithm is applied to this combination. The complete symbol (({X(1), . . . ,X(10)},S) A) represents results of the process.
So, what we get is hypothesis {X(1), . . . ,X(10)} as the first step and as the other steps the single expressions X(1), X(2), . . . , X(10). This is the complete list of what can be deduced from this one hypothesis. [[This is the same result one gets if S is considered as the consequence operator determined by the logic-system. The difference is that the terminology has been altered and we note that the algorithm is being applied.]]
Years ago, I introduced another step into this combination. What is often of interest in a deduction are the results obtained that are different from the hypothesis. Thus I introduced a step that does just this as part of the logic-system algorithm. It is the trivial mental process of removing the hypothesis from the steps in a deduction. Let's denote this by A'. Hence, in this case, the above complete example is that A' is applied to ({A(1), . . . ,A(10)}, S) and the result is (the set) {X(1), X(2), . . . , X(10)}. The notation ({X(1), . . . , x(10)}, S) signifies that the rules of inference S (for logic-system S(10)) are employed with the hypothesis {X(1), . . . , X(10)}.
Is this not a rather trivial application of the "rule of detachment" (modus ponens)? Does not the "logic" seem exceptionally simple? This is the actual type of human thought pattern represented by logic-system S in the mathematics part of the model. [[In [1] and [1a], the finite consequence operator that the original S generates is
also an example of an operator used in quantum logic, a subject that investigates operators that model processes for quantum-physical behavior.]]
As described above, as of the date of this article, the definition of various processes can be directly related to human mental processes or behavior. Is this a legitimate procedure? Yes, and as an example consider the definitions as used within basic set-theory, where the motivation is based upon various human processes such as making choices, writing done strings of symbols, and using our imagination to form sets. Clearly, these processes require purposeful mental activity. Basic mathematical processes can start with intuitive human behavior. There are mathematical objects formed where you must know your left from your right, the concept of a top as related to a bottom and even the back from the front. I have an advanced textbook the defines a left-hand orientation in a diagramed 3-D space by drawing a left-hand with its fingers pointing along the pictured coordinate lines.
[[The following example indicates what I have stated many times relative to mathematics and human behavior. "A set x is formed by choosing the sets which are to be members of x [2, p. 322]. . . . there is a stage after all the stages in S provided we can image a situation in which all the stages in S have been completed" [2, p. 323-324]. (The S here is not the one used elsewhere in this article.) To "form" means to either place sets defined as symbols between the symbols { and } or imagine that the choosing process can be continued in a specific manner. For example, consider the O' as the "empty set." This is defined as a set, where there are no sets used to form O'. That is, O' has no members that are sets. It is the only set not formed from other sets. All other sets must be formed from previously formed sets.
Now we can form the set {O'} by choosing O' and placing it between { and } and write {O'}, which is defined as a set. Then we can choose the symbol-string {O'} and place it between the { and the } and write down the set {{O'}}. Of course, we can also choose the O' and {O'} and write down the set {O', {O'}}. Or, even if we cannot actually write done all the formed sets, we can imagine them as being formed in such a step-by-step manner. This is the case with the "axiom of infinity," where we can write down notation for previously obtained sets such as x', x'', x''', x''''' . . . (the dots are where imagination comes in). We can imagine continuing this notation of adjoining the ' to the previous notation in a step-by-step manner, but we cannot actually write down all the members of this formed "infinite" set A = {x', x'', x''', x''''' . . .} [2, p 326]. (In this reference, Shoenfield uses different symbols for the described members of this set.) In set theory, the symbol x' etc. is a set. This is where Shoenfield begins to discuss the mental, the conceptual, aspects of set theory.
Objects that form sets can have refined definitions. In mathematics, x' might be defined as an "open" set. For the physical world, and say quantum (measure) theory, a symbol such an Y is used to represent the physical process of observing a value y that characterizes totally or partially a physical object or its behavior. One can use the language of set theory by considering each such Y as a set and investigating the set, if it exists, relative to such physical observations.]]
It has been said the people cannot imagine the "infinite." The individuals who state this can't imagine it. But, I can. Maybe I'll describe this at the end of this article. But, then maybe not.
I now show why the pages in the book B for the above Hi statements have their special form. The human mental process of choosing a specific collection of objects so as to "order" them in a definable way that is different from other modes of "order" is modeled. For example, ordering a set of rational numbers uses different mental processes than how one might order the set of clubs as they would appear in their standard playing-card order.
The instruction-sets are combined in a definable form. Consider ten ordered instruction-sets. First, simplify notation and let {I(1)} = Λ(1). Then let {I(1),{I(1),(2)}}= Λ(2), then let {I(1),{I(1),I(2)},{I(2),I(3)}} = Λ(3), then let , . . . , then let Λ(10). You use all 10 of the I(j) for Λ(10) = {I(1), {I(1),I(2)}, . . . ,{I(9), I(10)}}. Now we have the "set of logic-systems" {Λ(1), . . . , Λ(10)}. That is, each member of this set is a logic-system constructed from more and more members of {I(1), I(2), . . . ,I(10)}. If you select the third one in the list, and apply the deduction algorithm you'd get for step one I(1), step two I(2) and then for step three I(3). Hence, these three "deductions" are produced in the same order as the numbers 1,2,3 are ordered (i.e. 1 < 2 < 3). You are allowed to include in logic-systems single objects such as I(1). The single member of {I(1)} acts like an hypothesis and is retained as a deduction. The notion used could be the same as that used for the removal case. But, to avoid confusion, A is used here.
Now comes a more difficult part. Take each of these logic-systems and put a "and" (the comma in our simplified form) between them. This form looks like {Λ(1), Λ(2), Λ(3), Λ(4), . . . , Λ(10)} = W. Now use W to construct a type S logic-system. This gives S = {{Λ(1), . . . , Λ(10)}, Λ(1)}, . . . , {Λ(1), . . . , Λ(10)}, Λ(10)}}. (Throughout the GGU and GID-models all such "groupings" for instruction-sets, descriptions, hyper-instruction-sets and hyper-descriptions and "propertons" are considered as taking place within the substratum. These groupings are produced by substratum processes. Further, these groupings are a means to comprehend substratum processes, which we probably cannot comprehend in any other way.)
As mentioned, the following notation is now used. The process A' is applied to coupled the W and S. Among others, the unique set {I(1),{I(1),I(2)}, . . . , {I(9), I(10)}} = Λ(10) is deduced.
(Note: The first step is to express all definitions and the like in terms of an informal language that uses members of L. Then these objects are embedded into a standard mathematical (super)structure. This embedding allows us, at this stage, to go back-and-forth between the informal and the standard. The third step is to consider the expressions as embedded into a nonstandard model. The actual investigation of L and all of these embedded objects uses the different previously mentioned languages. Rational numbers and even real numbers are used informally and then formally. There is no circular reasoning since such informal mathematical objects can be written in a different font and even a different color.)
But, what happens if there is a Λ(10) and A is applied to Λ(10)? You deduce the conclusions and you get the set Î(10) = {I(1), I(2), I(3), . . . , I(10)} AND each step number, that is the step at which you wrote down the deduction, is the same as the 1, 2, 3, . . . 10. This exact same process is extended to and repeated for the 96 laminates. The set Î(10) is considered, in general, as the unordered results obtained by application of the logic algorithm. [[It is the range of the instruction paradigm.]]
So, your deduction produces the instruction-sets in the exact order that they need to be applied. (This was originally obtained by the "ordering operator," but, now such an operator is no longer applied.) These ideas are mathematically model in a very special and rather new way. All of these human-type processes are finite in character. But even in the case that a universe has a beginning and ending in finite observer-time, there is an unlimited "amount" of primitive-time and each section of a universe, a universe-wide frozen-frame, is associated with such a primitive-time.
I use bold fonts to identify objects in the mathematics that behave like those in the informal world. For example, a phrase like "It moves" = b is equivalent to the coded mathematical object denoted by [f], which is further denoted as b so as to indicate its origin. If I find a [g] in the model, then it may be possible to completely decode the [g] and get "God loves you." In some cases, the informal statement can only be partially decoded. For example, using a specific mathematical process one gets "The energy is ." It has missing symbols. In many cases, expressions cannot be decode at all. But, the objects still behave like grammatical "words" taken from a predicted language *L and are often interpreted as such.
When the informal algorithms A> and A' are embedded into our standard mathematical structure, they yield mathematical objects A and A'. The processes that are done by these algorithms can be broken down into pieces and expressed in a "formal" language. However, what is significant are the deductions, the conclusions.
There is a one-to-one relation V on a set of natural numbers greater than 0 that yields each of the logic-systems to be used for the GGU-model. What the term "one-to-one" means is that each logic-system is distinct and it is associated with but one natural number. For the Bob example, the 96 required laminates yields the logic-system Λ(96) that yields Bob's 96 instruction-sets. For the GGU-model and universe construction, the instruction-set concept is made more specific and becomes *instruction-set.
Due to how a universe is constructed, there is a different collection Î(n) for each natural number denote here by "n." Hence, there is a one-to-one relation V on the set of all natural numbers greater than 0, that yields various logic-systems Λ(n) from which Î(n) is obtained. This relation is "onto" the set {V} of all such logic-systems. "Onto" means that the correspondence assigns each member of a set of natural numbers greater than 0 to a single member of {V} and there is no member of {V} that is not so assigned a natural number. This relation has a special property. If you have two natural numbers m and n, both greater than 0, and m < n, then, when the ordered contents are obtained, those in Λ(m) form an ordered subset of those in Λ(n). [[In the two technical papers, a notationally simplified approach is used to obtained the Λ(i) and the results are generalized to all intervals that comprise a universe's primitive-time development. Moments in primitive-time can also be moments in (measurable) observer-time. Primitive-time is the same as considering a "sequence" of events. The order used is the rational number order as its relates to a lexicographic order and the subset statement still holds. In the technical papers, the function V is represented by Λ, the Greek capital lambda.]]
In the following figure, the symbols in (I) denote predicted entities and processes. The double errors show how these predicted objects correspond to those represented by (0). What follows this figure are further explanations as to what the interpretation means for this (I) scheme.
For reference purposes, the portion (((*Λ(λ), *I(a,b))) *A) → (GSt) corresponds to GGU-model *instruction-information and the schemes (VII) and (VIII) in [5]. Although the "meaningful thoughts" phrase as used in the following example is not as usually defined, this example illustrates one of the general scheme as to how *instruction-information behaves.
The substratum "Logical Patterns for Descriptions, M'' ↔" need not exist in any reality. The existence of "Descriptions" or "Logical Patterns for Descriptions" is interpretation dependent. I don't follow that methods used by others who attempt to force upon individuals the reality of the "code" notation.
In like manner, similar portions of the schemes presented here prior to this illustration correspond to such schemes for the *developmental paradigm information and, for the PGU model presented later in this article, *alteration-information.
Let Î(n) denote the collection of instruction-sets obtained for each such number n. For Bob in the Hi illustration, the n = 96, but for a universe this number corresponds to the "number" of universe-wide frozen-frames that comprise a particular universe.
For the GGU-model, the number of frozen-frames in each interval is actually arbitrary since you can reduce the number by simply reducing the interval size. Hence, what is needed is an approach that satisfies this arbitrary choice but uses one fixed quantity. Using the equivalent two-member set form, for a selection of a fixed hyper-natural number, denoted here in some displays by "v," but usually by λ the mathematics predicts that when λ is selected, then there is an hyper-logic-system *Λ(λ) that looks like, {I(1)and{I(1),I(2)}and, . . . , and{I(9), I(10)}and . . .} = *Λ(λ) and it has a λ "*number," so to speak, of these two member sets. Intuitively, this means that given any counting number n, the set has "more" than n members.
Notice that if a cosmology requires n = 1,000 for each interval and no other frozen-frames are needed then what frozen-frame correspond to the natural number > 1,000? For such a universe, the standard developmental or instruction paradigm "jumps over" these natural numbers > 1,000. For the GGU-model "hyper-developmental or hyper-instructional paradigm," all of these and many more exist. But, they could be repetitions of the last of the 1,000 frozen-frames. Or, the natural number identified ones can be different ones that are realized as physical entities and you simply did not include them. The hyper-frozen-frames are another matter. Some aspects of them are describable with missing letters or missing words. But, except for these cases, they cannot be decoded. They require for a "description" pure members of *L. Hence, this type of frozen-frame is interpreted as possibly influencing the behavior of realized physical frozen-frames or are for unknown purposes.
(Note: Even for a standard moment in primitive time (i,j), the *instruction-set *I(i,j) has a special property. It is partitioned into other *instruction-sets including possible pure instruction-sets using the higher-language that can yield physical or physical-like events within each of the actual universe-wide frozen-frames.)
The same type of logic-system is used to find the a particular member of {V} and to deduce (generate) each frozen-frame. This same type of logic-system is behaviorally used by humankind billions and billions of time a day. Although I have not written what comes after the last . . . , there is a mathematical expression for this and one has knowledge of the form of each member of *Λ(λ). This is the great advantage when using logic-systems.
A stronger algorithm *A, which can be formally characterized, yields the higher-intelligence set Î(λ) of *instruction-sets, where all the original instructions are members of this set. This is an important fact. [[Also this is a hyperfinite set.]] Special logic-systems are used in order to model the exact step-by-step event sequences. They preserve this order. Further, as each hyper-logic-system is used to "hyper-deduce," the result is "stronger than the previous ones" in that when *A is applied the hyper-deduced results for the pervious logic-systems are also obtained in their proper order.
[[At least, the hyper-deduced results all differ relative to their identifying numbers although they could otherwise be identical. I have not presented here the actual number scheme used, which is slightly more complex then here noted. (See this mathematics paper.))]]
As to the choice of λ, this corresponds to the mental processes used to choose n = 96 for the globe Bob is building. Different globes can have a different number of laminates. For each of the predicted and selected ultra-hypotheses (technically, ultra-word-like) being used in this article, the results of applying *A' to the pair
(#W,*S) yields a unique collection of ultra-logic-systems L. This is exactly what happens in (I) except there are "hyper" properties, properties that can be compared to those in (0) without the "hyper." Next, a choice is made as to the number of universe-wide frozen-frames that are to be used.
The ultra-hypotheses used in this article yield infinitely many "logic-systems." Then a particular ultra-hypothesis #W yields a *logic-system *Λ(λ) and it generates a universe from the top-down. However, this can still be considered as a collection of designed physical-systems. [[The λ determines the complexity. Intuitively, "complexity" means how "many" physical and physical-like universe-wide
frozen-frames in each primitive time interval.]] Properton combinations used to reproduce each physically characterizable member of a universe are best viewed as producing combined physical-systems. A *instruction-set in *Λ(λ) can be general in character and can be repeated at different moments in primitive time. [[For the top-down approach, using individual physical-system ultrawords is not employed.]]
In summary, the ultra-hypothesis #W is decomposed by the predicted *A' applied to the predicted pair ({#W},*S). This would have only the same properties as A'. applied to (W, S) if described in the internal language. But, properly using the meta-language of the mathematician, comparisons can be made. Hence, when this occurs, an ultra-logic-system *Λ(λ) is obtained. This ultra-logic-system can have vastly more members than any of the Λ(n) type.
As in the example, this *logic-system is composed of simple collections of *instruction-sets. that can be exactly the same as instruction-sets taken from a comprehensible human language L with a numerical identifier from *L or they have many more words from *L that are not words in L. Do such *instruction-sets correspond to something that appears to govern our universe? Yes. Recall that members of each of the *instruction-sets behave like a collection of physical laws or rules that yield physical-systems. These physical-like laws appear to govern our universe and such *instruction-sets cannot be eliminated. But, of course, these sets can govern aspects of the substratum world.
A secularist might ask, "From where did the instructions come?" A secular answer is "The same place from which the physical laws came." Prominent scientists believe that the physical laws detail how our universe behaves and if there are other universes, then physical laws can behave in different ways. There is just such a theory called the "many-worlds" interpretation, where the physical laws can behave in different ways for the "other worlds." Indeed, Richard Feynman stated in his lectures on "QED The Strange Theory of Light and Matter"
So, one can state that the GGU-model processes detail how the GGU-model cosmogony behaves and if there are other cosmogonies, then they can behave in a different manner. Being independent of "physical laws", the GGU-model cosmogony can produce any descriptive and developing cosmology. Following Feynman, it can also be stated for a secular community that nobody, in that community, can understand why the GGU-model behaves as it does.
Notice that Feynman uses a positive language. This means that he describes this aspect of quantum electrodynamics as if it is absolute fact. He states that this is how Nature works. He does not state, "This is how Nature might work." I have decided to describe aspects of the GID-model and its theological interpretation in the same manner.
As mentioned, in [1], the notion of generalized reductionism is employed. This requires that there be ultrawords for each science community defined physical-system. Then the model predicts an ultimate ultraword that produces the universe-wide frozen-frames. I no longer use this procedure since what constitutes a physical-system is rather arbitrary. However, [1] is still required if the concept of a participator used employed.
So, the mathematics automatically yields an hyper-hypothesis #W, an ultra-logic-system *S and then *A' decomposes #W into its individual constituents, which, after a few more steps, leads to the production of an entire physical universe and its step-by-step development.
[[Any set of instructions can be written as one long collection of symbols. You use a spacing symbol ||| between sentences. Such a sentence is called a "word."]] Consider a universe that has a beginning and an ending in observer-time, where the time intervals are identified by a finite set of natural number {0,1,2,3,4, . . . ,M}. Further, the n = 20 is chosen. What are the members of V(20)?
Consider Λ(n) for n = 20 and a specific interval (4,j). Each of these interval numbers has the members of the set {0,1,2,3,4, . . .20} included in a type of dictionary ordering. You write this as (4,0), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), . . . , (4,20). You have the basic letter "4" and then other letters follow in increasing order. Thus, from an order viewpoint you have (4,0) < (4,1) < (4,2) < . . . < (4,20). This has the same order as the rational numbers 4.0 < 4.1 < 4.2 < . . . < 4.20. There is an instruction-set I(0,0) that stands alone. All other members of V(4) are two element sets. The sets look like {I(4,0)}, {I(4,0), I(4,1))}, {I(4,1),I(4,2)}, {I(4,2),I(4,3)} and this continues until you get to the one that looks like {I(4,20),I(5,0)}. These are what appear on the pages of the above illustrated book B.
Of course, if you now apply the algorithm A you get the instruction-sets I(4,0), I(4,1), I(4,2),I(4,3), . . . , I(5,0) in proper order. Remember that these objects have been shown to satisfy human mental processes and the notion of instructions as used in physical science, where various physical laws or accepted theories can be considered as instructions. (It is interesting that originally I did not actually correspond each of the informal processes to human mental processes as I am now able to do.)
To actually apply this process so as to satisfy the known physical laws, we need to increase the number n in a step-by-step process. (For those that know the idea, this is like the limit process as n "goes to infinity.") The mathematics then predicts that for each special number λ, which is mathematically "greater then any natural number n," there is a unique *Λ(λ). Although *Λ(λ) is similar to a logic-system Λ(n), when the results are compared, the higher-intelligence deduction algorithm *A can yield infinitely many *instruction-sets only a miniscule primitive-time period. Hence, Î(λ) is produced in a specific order. And these *instruction-sets yield info-fields that generate a specific universe. Further, not only are all the original instructions obtained but also hyper-instructions. For the specific interval, there are *I(4,p) that exist and they can be distinct from any ordinary instruction.
[[I have previously defined the other GGU-model operators formally in this article, which I intend to alter. I'm now able to remove operators from this list of previously defined operators. One can retain these removed operators if one wishes, but I no longer use them for the GGU-model processes.]]
Remember, if physical laws and physical theories (i.e. physical instructions) did not exist, at least in the mind of human beings, then there would be no physical science. Each time a scientist applies a set of instructions, a (physical) event might occur. At least, this is what is desired, the occurrence or non-occurrence of a physical event. When scientists describe objects and physical behavior in papers and books, they do so with a general language. Thus, they have associated an event with a description. The reader of such papers or books also makes the correlation.
In these papers or books, we have a set of descriptions "d" for the step-by-step development of a physical (natural)-system and each description represents actual physical events in {E}. In our physical world, this means that there is a one-to-one onto correspondence between instruction-sets, the physical descriptions and the actual physical events being described. Only these objects are related by these two one-to-one onto correspondences. For this application, the physical-system is an entire universe. This correspondence also satisfies the higher-mode of deduction.
Again I summarize what has been accomplished. Describable human experiences and finite examples, are modeled and embedded into a mathematical theory. This yields an ultra-hypothesis (an ultra-word-like) #W, where an hyper-logic-system *S is related to {#W}. This *S is of a special type so that when the hyper-algorithm *A' is applied, the logic-systems Λ(i) appear via hyper-deduction. Then, depending upon the "complexity" of the particular universe, a specific *Λ(λ) is selected. The λ is the "complexity" number. The "greater" this number the more "ultranatural" events are present. The final step is to apply the deduction algorithm *A to the pair (*Λ(λ), *I(a,b)), where (a,b) denotes the first *instruction-set that yields the "first" universe-wide-frozen frame. (For the GGU-model, *I(a,b) is a member of the *logic-system and this is why the pair is ordered in this way.) Also, in this case, *I(a,b) is a member *Λ(λ). Application of *A yields *instruction-sets, where the steps in the ordinary standard deduction are the same as the observer-time order for the (physical) events that the *instruction-sets, via info-fields, produce.
(As discussed later, each *I(i,j) is determined by a (q,r)-*instruction paradigm composed of (q,r)-*instruction-sets. These follow that same scheme as does the *instruction paradigm and its corresponding *developmental paradigm. However, each is for a specific universe-wide frozen-frame as denoted by (q,r).)
Now all that is needed is to go from the *instruction-sets to the physical events. This is slightly more complex at this stage. The mathematics used implies that there exist objects I call "ultra-propertons." As mentioned, each ultra-properton, at the least, carries each defined physical property as an individually coded infinitesimal or non-numerical characteristic.
The GGU-model is a cosmogony and, hence, a theory for creation of universes not just the one that surrounds us. It should be expected that the objects that yield various universes would not be part of a specific universe but exterior to it, in the intuitive sense. It should be expected that if standard mathematics is used to investigates the internal behavior of a physical universe, then even the mathematics used might need to be changed to a more inclusive form. It should be expected that the physical-like laws would also be somewhat different in the substratum world than in the physical world. Indeed, this is so and they are even easier to apply if you learn how to use a nonstandard model.
It turns out that, due to a remarkable theorem, every physical entity is produced just by grouping together collections of ultra-propertons, and collections of these collections and collection of these collections . . . and then apply but one other process denoted by St to a finite-like set of such groupings. The St operator mostly is a defined procedure that can be based upon simple human behavior. But, for the portions of an info-field that yield physical-like events, a completely explicit definition for St is not yet possible. [[The restriction of St to the portion of the info-field that yields the physical-world is the "intersection" of a collection of limited numbers with the real or, depending upon application, the rational numbers. The St need not apply to non-numerical characteristics, where it is considered as the identity.]] It is not some sought of random process. Intuitively, the St operator can even be illustrated by the purposeful human process of selecting finitely many white balls from a finite collection of black and white balls resting on the top of a pool table.
The info-field partially corresponds to the way we group necessary collections of items so that, following an instruction-set, we can construct some physical object like the laminates. How we do this yields a finite set of groupings. However, as indicate, for our purposes the notation St will also apply to any portion of an info-field not composed of properton constituents, where it simply denotes the changing of the remanding portions of the info-field to physical-like events.
The gathering properties that yield portions of an info-field can be formally described and the info-field depends upon *instruction-sets. The mathematics states that if combinations of subatomic particles yield more complex entities, then the properties of an info-field yield the appropriate combinations of propertons. This, at the least, yields physical events. An info-field does things. Portions of these info-fields can yield physical-like events. Such a system can be the immaterial medium proposed by Eccles and Robinson. (Eccles, J. and D. N. Robinson. 1984. The Wonder of Being Human: Our Brain and Our Mind. The Free Press, NY.)
For this approach, the St operator is applied sequentially after the info-field generator G is applied. It is this close relation that is denoted by (GSt). It is important to know that G is a function defined on sets of *instruction-set *I(i,j) into the "extended" appropriate collections of propertons. In this paper, the codomain for the, not yet, extended G is explicity defined. But, for these applications, this domain is extended via an adjoined set X in the structure, disjoint from the properton collections.
The results of the instructions in *I(i,j) can all be physical-systems, where many are repeated at nonstandard moments in primitive time. The X set is used to model those members of *I(i,j) that yield physical-like events. There can be a vast number of these. When the St process is applied to an X portion of the info-field, it yields physical-like events. The produced physical-like events can be interpreted as preternatural, but they appear to be directly associated with physical events. Throughout all the GGU-model interpretations, when the notation G is employed, it is the extended function.
A major discovery is now applied. There are three types of thought-like ultra-hypotheses employed. One new one is denoted by #W. The original ultra-hypothesis is further discussed in the next section on "intelligence" and is the one used in [1]. For a secular GGU-model, there is one or two sets of operators used. A third type of ultra-hypothesis shows that every universe-wide frozen-frame is intelligently designed by an higher-intelligence. Each such design is the complete rationally generated structural patterns that are present within a universe at a fixed moment in primitive or observer-time.
You have gone in-and-out of a particlar door hundreds of times. You have learned what to do if it appears locked. You wish to go out. So, you try to turn the door knob. It doesn't turn. Somewhere in your brain there is a statement or images or something that can be model by "If the door knob doesn't turn, then turn the little device in the middle of the knob and try again." So, without actually pondering the matter, you turn the little device and try again. If it opens you have satisfied the logical statement. But, if not, then you stop and start contemplating the matter. "What could be wrong with the knob?" One can get in such a mental state where they actually "forget" what to do if the knob doesn't turn.
These actions are allowed by a collection of universe-wide frozen-frames that necessarily should be consistent with how brains respond to such a situation. Not only does a *developmental paradigm require that this basic logical pattern be persevered but the additional notion of sequences of *instruction-sets must also mimic this same pattern due to the results produced by such *instruction-sets.
[Note: If not done so, it is important that the difference between observer-time and primitive-time be clearly understood for any further comprehension. These terms are fully defined in this glossary.]
In Herrmann (2002, pp. 160 - 164), covirtual universes are employed to satisfy participator alterations and they are illustrated via a collection of DVDs. This remains a significance illustration. (However, another possibly more significant electronic device illustration is described [9] and [11].) Mathematically, due to the participator requirements, the covirtual scheme is represented by a collection of instruction paradigms. To locate a particular altered covirtual universe all that is required is to recognize the alteration within a covirtual universe at the same moment in primitive-time.
Such a selection process, from what is actually an infinite set, has been a mainstay in the subject of mathematical logic and is relative to a level of human intelligence when one seeks a particular symbolic form. Such a choice process is consider by many as an additional measure for intelligence. Thus "finding such a location" is an intelligent action. The same holds for an higher-intelligence. If a pure secular model with its automatic hyperfast properton method for selection is not considered, then this shows that an higher-intelligence continues to sustain the development of our universe even in the participator case.
In applications of the GGU-model processes, the basic entities, the ultra-propertons, must follow an *instruction-set just as if this information is a physical law and this yields the properton combinations and other possible constituents. Hence, in a step-by-step manner, the info-field generator G activates each member *I(t') of Î(λ) and immediately the St process is applied. (This immediate aspect can be removed. The info-field generator is extended to include the generation of the physical-like events, where St has no meaning.)
The necessary info-field properties are modeled as follows: for n > 0, n physical entities {a(1), . . . ,a(n)} form a set A(1). For "m" various n, these are "gathered" or "grouped" into a finite set of sets {A(1), . . . ,A(m)}. Such gatherings are contained to obtain finite collections of sets, sets of sets , . . . The result is a finite collection of sets constructed from finite collections of sets. There is a set K of all such gatherings. Although tedious, this type of construction and the members of such a set K of gatherings can be formally expressed, in general, and extended to hyperfinite collections of sets contained in *K. The info-field with its gathering properties and other processes of which we as yet can have no knowledge is obtained by application of G, where the "gathering" part is a member of *K. The G is an operator defined on each of the *instruction-sets and here simplified notation is employed.
In more detail, each characterizing numerical code or descriptive characteristic for a fundament physical entity corresponds to an hyperfinite collection {a(1), . . . , a(w)} of ultra-propertons.
By means of repeated application of processes mathematically modeled after "affine" and "linear" transformation {a(1), . . . ,a(w)} is replaced by a properton {a} that has a "value" that will yield a physical value or other describable property when the operator St is applied. Various propertons b, c, . . . of this type form an hyperfinite set {a,b,c, . . . }. This corresponds to a fundamental particle.
Finitely or non-finite hyperfinitely many of these are grouped into other sets like {{a,b,c, . . . },{d,e,f, . . .},{g,h,i, . . .}}, when necessary, and these sets are grouped into another set {{{a,b,c, . . . },{d,e,f, . . .},{g,h,i, . . .}},{{j,k,l, . . . },{m,n,o, . . .},{p,q,r, . . .}}, . . .}. This corresponds to the next more complex combinations. This form of re-grouping continues until one has a collection of these collections, of collections, etc. that actually form an entire universe-wide frozen-frame as represented by hyperfinitely many such collections. This illustrates how the physical-world generating portion of the info-field G behaves. Then St is applied to G. The result is a universe-wide frozen-frame E(t'), with possible physical-like features, and it is understood that (GSt) is step-wise applied. If t' is observer-time, then what results, at the least, is a physically real universe-wide frozen-frame. Using such sets to represent intermediate propertons and physical-systems is similar to using sets to represent natural number. For example, 0 = 0, 1 = {0}, 2 = {0, {0}}, . . .
Where the (a,b) displayed depends upon the type of universe, these understandings are represented by the scheme
The ultra-logic-system *Λ(λ) corresponds directly to an ultra-logic-system Γ(λ), where each member is an info-field. Assuming the existence of propertons, this scheme is altered for a secular model, where *Λ(λ) and the Γ(v are to be randomly obtained. The intermediate case is marked with the "s." The minimal case is marked "ms."
The (Is) and (Ims) processes do display higher-intelligence signatures, however. Scheme (I) displays operational aspects of the GGU-model. These aspects can be considered as designed, as is each individual set termed as an *instruction-set. (This need not be mentioned for pure secular GGU-model.)
Notice that, as it appears in [1] and in all but one case, how St is applied is changed. Except for (Ims), it now requires that (GSt) to be coupled. These are illustrated by the collection of DVDs in Herrmann (2002). Then the (GSt) is simply restricted to a particular one. For the secular model, this application is directed by hyperfast propertons. Scheme (I) has an important restriction.
Scheme (II) represents the describable patterns that result from scheme (I). Remember that the set Î(λ) is not the set of physical laws. Hyper-instruction-sets detail how an info-field produces coherent collections of entities based upon ultra-propertons from which physical universes are obtained as well as other properties that determine physical-like events. They are not mere extensions of a collection of standard instruction-sets. There can be different info-fields associated with different *instruction-sets. Or, a general info-field can be modified by an *instruction-set.
The following illustration is presented in various articles. Consider a DVD that, when played, depicts a rubber ball dropped from a tall table to the ground. There is a measuring rod affixed to the table that "measures" the balls distance from the top of the table to the ground as it falls under the influence of gravity. As it begins its fall, pause the DVD player. The image displayed on the monitor appears fixed. Now forward the display one frame at a time. From our observation, that ball appears in slightly different places in each frame. Correspond the lapsed "time" to the number of frames observed. There is no law of gravity, there is no gravitational force "pulling down" on the ball. But for this locally observed experiment, we know that the distance moved, s, is proportional to the lapsed time squared. So, this allows us to calculate the distance, s, if we only know the frame number. This calculation is in good agreement with the numbers on the measuring rod. (Of course, the law is actually rather more complex than this.)
This illustration implies that this behavior is intelligently designed so as to allow us to make such a calculation. For a small "time" interval, the number of frames is so vast that even if one assumes the behavior is "continuous," the values for any comprehensible measure can not detect that the behavior is actually sequential.
This illustration indicates that, for our universe, there is a special relation that exists between the successive members of each step in (I). (For a secular scenario, the relation must be considered as produced in an uncontrolled "random" manner.) Assume that this stance is accepted. That is, that the production of all defined physical-systems and alterations in their behavior is consistent with a collection of comprehensible physical laws and physical theories. It is obvious that, in a step-by-step manner, successive members produced by (0) are satisfied by the unification U for all physical laws and theories as established in The Best Possible Unification for any Collection of Physical Theories or in Arxiv:physics/0306147 This shows, in a remarkable way, how successive membersof (I) are correlated and display higher-intelligent design signatures via the hyper-unification *U. [[Result 3.8, where *U is the usual hyper-extension. In [1 p. 168], the *U is one part of the composed capital omega and all restrictions placed upon a unification as used in [1] have been removed.]]
Due to the construction of physical laws and theories, there are other physical-like laws and theories that are part of the hyper-unification *U. Coupled with *U are "pure" ultralogic operators Pi [1, p. 150] that correspond to physical events that satisfy various probability models such as distributions [1, p. 150]. The operator Pi is modeled after a very simple but progressive mode of human logical discourse. However, it is not an hyper-process of a completely describable human mental process. The Pi operator is the one that yields a basic probabilistic property that has been a stumbling block for physical science in that, usually, such behavior does not reveal itself until many events occur. [[Moreover, in this article the symbol Pi also signifies probabilities generated by elementary Bernoulli trials [1, p. 147]. Further, in [1], distributions are obtained using this elementary Bernoulli trials approach.]] The Pi is termed an operator but this is only in the mathematical sense.
Due to participator alterations, there is a collection of Pi operators one for each selected universe-producing ultra-hypothesis, where (Pi*U) represents any member of this collection. Intuitively, what this symbol means is that *U and Pi are simultaneously satisfied. In modern physical science, it is claimed that all physical behavior is probabilistic in character and, in all cases, this is consistent with Pi. However, Pi can also be utilized if a specific science-community requires that specific physical behavior be certain (i.e. 100% probable).
For this case, let E(t) denote an event for observer or non-observer primitive-time t. The unification U, in restricted form, satisfies the expression U(E(t)) = E(t + 1). The event E(t + 1) is the very "next" event as displayed within the universe-wide frozen-frame denoted as the "t + 1" member of the sequence. Although not generally the case for the GGU-model, this last equation can be described as the logical generation of a universe via physical laws.
If the behavior of an individual physical-system event E(t) is not 100% certain, then (Pi*U) has been applied and this corresponds to alterations in those physical-system as predicted by Pi.
[[If one considers a universe formed from an ultimate ultra-hypothesis [1, p. 106], then the unification applies in this case since it can be applied to each physical-system separately. These are the "portions" if a single top-down ultra-hypothesis is employed. When *U operates on E(t), then *U(E(t) = U(E(t)). On the other hand, if E(t') is a substratum event, then *U(E(t')) is a substratum event.]] If it is assumed that our universe "began" with an event E(0), then, for each moment in primitive-time i and E(i), there is the hidden pattern
[Note: For (1), there are also *-primitive moments of time k, where *U applies to {E'(k)}, "between" certain primitive-times.] If it is assumed that there is no standard "beginning" relative to the standard notion of a sequence of physical events, then it is shown in 0605120.pdf or Arxiv:math/0605120 that there is a "nonstandard" beginning, denoted by j, to the sequence that yields the physical events. In this case, there exists pure-events E'(j) that "begin" at j. This yields the pattern
where i is observer-time. (As with case (1), for case (2), there are also *-primitive moments of time k, where *U applies to {E'(k)}, "between" or "before" or "after" certain moments of observer-time.)
Significantly, *U is a remarkably consistent set of ultranatural laws. (These include the physical laws and theories.) This consistency is a direct result of viewing *U in its equivalent ultra-logic-system form. This allows for a deeper analysis. There is an equivalent ultra-logic-system for Pi but it is not unique and cannot be significantly analyzed. Thus, it still remains the practice of retaining Pi in its original form.
For the constructed GGU-model, the (Pi*U) operator is NOT a physical operator in the sense that its physical-like application to a specific frozen-frame yields the next successive frozen frame. The (1) and (2) patterns
merely show how pre-designed events sequence satisfy the observed predictions of physical laws and probabilistic behavior. They only indirectly relate to unobservable physical hypotheses. There is a reason for the existence of physical laws. It is shown in [9] and [11] this reason has a Biblical basis.
If the GGU-model is not employed, then (Pi*U) can be considered as a physical operator and patterns (1) and (2) show the step-by-step generation of a universe. Unless otherwise indicated, all of the following statements assume the GGU-model hypothesis.
Of particular significance is how the pure ultralogic Pi is interpreted. As with ultralogics in general, for each applicable object, Pi represents virtual (or unobservable) processes. This is similar to processes used in subatomic physics. For the secular viewpoint, each Pi process is considered as a specific cause for the probabilistic occurrence of an event. But, this cause is not part of the language or mechanisms of the physical world as modeled by standard mathematics.
Of particular significance is how quantum theory, as incorporated within (Pi*U), should be viewed. The secular GGU-model approach can be termed as a subquantum approach in the sense of Bohm (1957, pp. 94-103). See quantum.htm for a more detailed description of how these results alter a basic philosophy of quantum mechanics. However, as mentioned, propertons are not particles in the usual sense and much in quantum physics need not be physically real.
For the GID-model, humanly comprehensible regulations are built into the development of our universe for a definite purpose. There is vast number of necessary relations that exist between adjacent frozen-frames, a vast number of frozen-frames, a vast number of physical-systems, and there is the fact that human beings are the only earthly entities that seem able to describe and comprehend physical laws. Claiming that this has all occurred via evolutionary processes for the development of the human brain, a development that has not occurred for any other known biological form, is a rather unsatisfactory explanation. Further, since many laws and accepted scientific theories require abstraction, then these considerations imply that it is highly improbable that such laws are produced by unguided chance. Note that each physical law and accepted physical theory is intelligently designed, at the least, on the human level of intelligence.
From where do the members of Î(λ) come? The results in [1] incorporate the source for Î(λ). The material there is based upon general descriptions d and d that represent events. Thus far, as illustrated in this article, the GID-model begins with the selection of two boxes of books. In the general case, #W corresponds to a collection of books prior to placing them on a shelve. Only a few operators are mentioned in [1]. [[The major one is the consequence operator *S and, on pages 167-168, two are replaced by U or *U. The two probability ones are denoted here by Pi. The SN is simply related to theories. All that is stated in [1] relative to general descriptions that correspond to physical events relates to the notion of the natural (physical) system for reductionists approach as used today in much of what passes for physical science. This approach I no longer need to consider.]] I have not stated in [1] how other processes are used to actually generate a real physical universe. This is a reason for this article.
Obviously, the hyper-algorithm (a mode of deduction) *A' as used to obtain *Λ(λ) and the *A as applied to *Λ(λ) are very strong signatures for higher-intelligence design of the step-by-step development of a *developmental paradigm d. Another strong signature is application of the hyper-choice. In the formal paper on ultra-logic-systems the first part uses the book approach. For a universe, these are members of a developmental paradigm d or d. The formal paper on ultra-logic-systems yields all of the above results for *instruction-sets.
When a member in d' or d is transformed into physical or physical-like reality, then the member can be retained in a type of memory (a file) via this correspondence. Hence, the *instruction-set *I(t') is considered as coupled with a member *F(t') of d'. This correspondence or pairing can easily be retained. [[There is a set-theoretic way to represent this coupling. Each member of this correspondence is written as {{*F(t')}, {*F(t'),*I(t')}}, which is the usual set-theoretic way of representing "order pairs."]] Depending upon how the primitive-time intervals are partitioned, certain physical theories require that members of d be repeated. However, they do differ in their primitive-time identifiers.
As an example of how this correspondence behaves, if developmental paradigms are employed, then there is a ultra-hypothesis W. This ultra-hypothesis has the exact same properties as #W and all of the exact same processes that yield (II) apply. It turns out that the two ultra-logic-systems have nothing in common. There is a second one-to-one onto correspondence. It associates each member of Î(λ) with each member of {E}, the set of all events whether physical or within the substratum. Let the first correspondence be denoted by H. For the case of the laminates, H is used instead of H'. For our illustration, what H' represents, in restricted form, is the intelligence applied by the technical writers to obtain the book. What H' corresponds to is an higher-intelligence.
In summary, the secular processes scheme (Is) is describable using "mental" terminology that reveals higher-intelligence signatures. The selection of the starting *instruction-set is random. Then application of process *A to the primitive *Λ(λ) is a strong higher-intelligence signature. The logic-system associated with the St operator is a signature. The fact that the step-by-step development satisfies (Pi*U) is a very strong signature for intelligent design by a higher-intelligence. However, all such signatures can be ignored as is done in Quantum Logic. For our cosmology, we need a "library" of universes due to participator alterations. The selection of the appropriate one can be accomplished automatically by hyperfast propertons.
The simplest way to approach "participator alterations" is via distinct *developmental and *instruction paradigms and a collection of primitives, such as {*S}, where there is a member for each altered universe. This is similar to quantum fields, where there is one type for each particle.
But, is each member of d intelligently designed by an higher-intelligence? Only two cases need to be considered. The case where a universe contains only finitely many physical entities or one that contains infinitely many. The processes that lead to each member *f(i,j) of d are the same as (III).
The difference in (IV) only lies in how the "indexing" is interpreted. In this article, each *F(q,r)λ'(i,j) is considered as varying over, in sequence order, the physical-systems (the physical events) or physical-like systems (physical and physical-like events, or only physical-like events), for a specific *universe-wide frozen-frame, (i,j). It refers to the refined GGU-model that is essential for the complete generation of a universe-wide frozen-frame. It yields the construction for each frame itself. This refinement also applies to schemes (I), (II), (Is) and (Ims). (See [6] as trivially applied to *developmental paradigms, where different notation is used and scheme (IV) is combined with the entire *developmental paradigm scheme into one grand scheme.) What is discussed here in terms of *developmental paradigms immediately applies to *instruction paradigms.
As defined in [6], *f(i,j) corresponds to *F(q,r)λ'(i,j) and *Λ(q,r)λ'(λ), for *developmental paradigms, corresponds to an ultra-logic-system that when *A is applied *rationally yields in a step-by-step manner the *description for each member of a universe-wide frozen-frame and each frozen-frame in the proper *designed order. Since this is an analogue model for the creation of universes, then only the general concept of higher-intelligence design is applied.
In physical modeling, a mathematical statement is often interpreted in ways different than its original interpretation. Vectors, for example, can be interpreted using economics terminology. The scheme (IV) is interpreted as presenting the necessary higher-intelligent signatures for the creation of each universe-wide frozen-frame physical event and physical-like events.
[[To correspond to the partitioning that yields (III) and the (IV) (q,r)-*instruction paradigm Î(λ)(q,r), each universe-wide frozen-frame determined by a standard (i,j) is composed of finitely or hyperfinitely many (q,r)-*instruction-sets. These correspond to the basic developmental paradigm partition intervals [ci,ci + 1) (or ]). Each of these (q,r)-*instruction-sets either yields a physical-system or a physical-like system as portions of an info-field. A physical-like system can contain both physical and physical-like events. (For an index such as (i,lambda), the universe-wide frozen-frame can be much more complex in structure and highly unknown.)
Thus, in general, an (q,r)-*instruction paradigm for a specific universe-wide frozen-frame is the collection of all of the members of all of the (q,r)-*instruction-sets that yield via the info-field each physical or physical-like event. (This set-theoretic union comes about from the set-theoretic definitions for a finite collections of standard sets of instructions.) It is not difficult to present these additional features formally.]]
As modeled via mental terminology, the (III) processes reveal higher-intelligence signatures for mentally conceived images for the hyper-developmental paradigm as hyper-deduction yields them in the proper primitive-time order. This corresponds to (II), which indicates higher-intelligence signatures and the one-to-one onto correspondence between *developmental and *instruction paradigms. Obviously, (I), (III), (IV) as restricted and interpreted as human activities, correspond, in a general way, to the standard procedures followed, from conception to realization, when constructing complex physical entities. Theologically, there is another valid reason for having d available.
In general, this model must apply to any cosmology and each *instruction-set is designed for each step in d. The higher-intelligence H is identified in [1]. The restriction H' mimics what humans mentally do.
One can use (I), (III) and (IV) as describing the mental like processes that transform thoughts into physical reality or just use (I) and the fact that a restriction such as H' exists. One reason for d is that it is an ordered "history" type file. This is significant for certain applications, such as a theological one. Further, "participator alterations" (see below) most be included within any such file. There is also complete symmetry. The higher-intelligence mental processes used to design each member of d, the *instruction paradigm and the ordered d are exactly the same.
The three schemes (I), (III) and (IV) display an higher-form of human-like activity, where we first consider linguistic information, drawings and the like prior to considering the physical laws or instruction-sets that reproduce physical events. This is illustrated in [1] by the DVDs. A DVD as a collection of instructions that corresponds to (II) and how the instructions are obtained corresponds to the H function that carries the higher-intelligence signature that corresponds, in restriction, to that applied by technical writers. The coupling of (I), (III) and (IV) is how physical science is presented. Due to the lack-of-knowledge aspect of the GGU-model, there can be other reasons for this coupling.
In more detail, the following illustrates the relation between human activities and similar predicted higher-intelligence activities.
In summary, for a universe, the following is the complete GID-model as it is can be modeled by human experiences, descriptions and their relation to "thoughts." That is, using a mental realization for the descriptions. In all cases, the processes are those applied by an higher-intelligence. The following example should not be considered as the "actual" way an higher-intelligence creates a universe. It is but an experiential model. The significance develops when the terminology is changed to emphasize certain behavior. Further, certain aspects of what comes next are not necessary. They are included in order to correspond to a particular theological interpretation. Now-and-then, I insert how these physical objects correspond to the higher-intelligence objects.
(1) It begins with the rationally obtained 3-D mental images for each primitive-time identified universe-wide frozen-frame. This is like what the laminate master designer produces. (Of course, the universe as an ordinary human being imagines it need not have all of the actual details in each cross-section.) From my experience, mentally producing 3-D images can be done. (An higher-intelligence can do this is in complete detail.) Each image is constructed via deduction. (This is the (IV) scheme.) You have intelligently designed each in this fashion. These images are members of a generalized language. For this "real" example, the images are those you use.
(2) These images are displayed in sequential form and the number of images depends upon how "many" are used to produce an entire universe. For a specific number n, the images are grouped together in a special way Λ'(n). All but the "first" image is repeated within this grouping. This grouping is exactly equivalent to how you have placed them in a book B'(n) as described in (3). (Each carries the "n" identifier, the required complexity number.) These groupings are gathered together into one collection. You have designed many different sequences and this yields an entire collection {Λ'(n)}. You place each collection of books on a separate shelve. Then, for the participator alterations, there needs to be many such collections - many such shelves.
(3) The book B'(n) is divided into chapters identified by the appropriate (i,j). Each chapter follows the pervious construction. Recall that the first front page of the selected chapter is blank. The back of first page has a single "starting" image for a *physical-system described as a portion of the (i,j) universes-wide frozen-frame. (This can be printed in such a way that it will appear 3-D to the observer. Indeed, there is a method that we can "see" such 3-D effects occur without the need for "glasses.")
The front of the next page of the chapter has the image repeated. The back of that page has the next ordered image. You build the remaining pages of the chapter this way. The algorithm states that to mentally deduce each sequential step of the developmental paradigm, page 2 is the first considered. This is to become the "first" portion of a specific universe-wide frozen-frame. The same image appears on page 3. This indicates that the page is to be turned over to the image for the next section, which then appears on the back. If you don't see such a repeated image, assuming no error has been made, then you know that you are at the end of a chapter. As the "mental" process continues, all of the portions are obtained by this "trivial" form of deduction in the same order as the even page numbers. When you turn over the blank page, the image on the next even page is the "first" portion of the next chapter, the next universe-wide frozen-frame.
(4) The exact same procedure holds for the B(n) book and the corresponding *instruction-sets.
(5) It is the corresponding (q,r) denoted (I) that yields step-by-step physical or physical-like reality.
Are all of these procedures necessary? Obviously, for the secular world the answer is no, they are not required. But, the basic notion of indirect evidence is being applied. The schemes (I), (II), (III), (IV) are considered so as to correspond to various interpretations. The question "from where did the instructions come?" is being answered and modeled by H. This is a analogue model and, from a behavioral aspect, may be the only way we have to comprehend how God's mode of creation always displays comprehensible physical entities and physical behavior that carry higher-intelligence signatures.
In the "A Pure Physical, Physical-like and Object Description" described below, each step displays an higher-intelligent design signature. This means that the behavior of each physical entity within our universe displays an higher-intelligent design signature. In the "A Pure Minimal Physical, Physical-like and Object Description" described below, it is noted how the processes described display higher-intelligent design signature and, in this case, the behavior of each physical entity within our universe displays an higher-intelligent design signature.
The following statements are obtained rationally via an interpretation of a mathematical model. No mathematics abbreviations appear.
2. An higher-intelligence designs infinitely many modes of thought and selects a unique mode that, when restricted to our physical universe, corresponds to the most basic aspect of human thought used to yield human behavior and to apply physical laws and theories to predict physical behavior. The reason for designing such modes of thought (i.e. logic-systems) is to show that the step-by-step production of a universe and, hence, all physical behavior is rationally designed by an higher-intelligence. Further, the rational production of various modes of thought and the selection of a specific one are higher-intelligence signatures. The production of the universe-wide frozen-frames follows from an higher-intelligence mode of deduction and is an higher-intelligence signature. A human being has designed a similar, but restricted, collection for specific purposes and for, at least, finitely many modes of thought in this paper or this duplicate one.
I repeat, the higher-intelligence selects a specific mode of thought that yields the development of our physical universe. When restricted to our physical universe, this mode is the most basic required by humankind to perform everyday tasks and is used to predict physical-system behavior from physical laws or theories.
3. As physical-science examples, every defined elementary object, if such exists (a neutrino and the like), is designed and produced by the same higher-intelligence. The probabilistic behavior of any such entity is designed by an higher-intelligence and yields an higher-intelligence signature.
4. Every combination of elementary objects, if any exist, used to form any other physical object is designed and produced by the same higher-intelligence. Examples: an hydrogen atom, water, an ocean, the world, the solar system, our galaxy, etc.
5. Event sequences are constructed in a very special way. They satisfy comprehensible physical laws and theories and are purposely designed, in this manner, by an higher-intelligence. The design allows intelligent beings to construct additional physical-systems.
6. Every physical change in the behavior of every physical-system is sustained by the same higher-intelligence. (Sustained does not mean personal choice is removed. The GGU-model has previsions for participator alterations in physical-systems, which are upheld by the same higher-intelligence.) This higher-intelligence sustains the development of any physical-system in accordance with ID-signatures. Each step in the development of a physical-system satisfies higher-intelligence deductive processes and, if necessary, the selection of appropriate altered universes and application of the grathering and realization processes reveal the existence of an higher-intelligence.
6. (Continued.) Over a small time period the higher-intelligence can perform infinitely many deductions that yield as the final deductive conclusion a specific and complete physical-system. Physical agents can only perform finitely many deductions and, in various cases, cannot deduce the exact and complete composition of a specific and complete physical system. [[For example, in quantum dynamics.]] If certain conditions are maintained, then physical agents can approximate the composition. (This is a model for behavior and only yields indirect evidence for the existence of the predicted higher-intelligence.) Examples: objects move from one position to another, water temperature changes, indeed, anything that changes its known physical characteristics, appearance, etc.
7. The production of an event, whether physical or a physical-like, and alterations in the behavior of each such event, displays yet another higher-intelligence signature in that the production of or alteration in a physical-system or physical-like system is equivalent to generating an event sequence by repeated application of the unification of all physical and physical-like laws and theories operator. This application represents processes that are equivalent to application of hyper-logic-systems. This shows, in a more specific manner, how each member of an event sequence is rationally designed by an higher-intelligence so as to correspond, at least, to the physical laws and theories deduced by some biological entities. Hence, in contrast to the secular scenario, there is a specific Biblical "reason" that such laws and theories exist. Also, they give yet more indirect evidence for the existence of an higher-intelligence.
The following is the GID-model interpretation for the higher-intelligence language *L. (i) Each member of *L that is not a member of L and (ii) each *term and each word with the "ultra" prefix (ultraterm) in *L can have additional properties than those characterized by the object designated by the original meaning or "term," respectively. Further, these *terms are members of the higher-language.
For the GID-model in [1], participator altered universes are pre-designed. Such libraries also have a significant theological interpretation - foreknowledge. They were not originally considered as associated with any theological interpretation. The complete GGU and GID-model need not include participators. However, for our universe, a participator model must be employed. Further, the muilt-complexity approach is not applied since one level of complexity is sufficient. The refined instruction paradigm approach is here displayed. It is rather trivial to transfer the following to developmental paradigm notation.
For the GGU-model, one of the most difficult requirements is to include the concept of the ``participator'' universe. As stated at the May 1974 Oxford Symposium in Quantum Gravity, Patton and Wheeler describe how existence of human beings alters the universe to various degrees. ``To that degree the future of the universe is changed. We change it. We have to cross out that old term `observed' and replace it with the new term `participator.' In some strange sense the quantum principle tells us that we are dealing with a participator universe." (Patton and Wheeler (12, p. 562).) This aspect of the GGU-model is only descriptively displayed in section 4.8 in Herrmann (2002). However, this book section is, usually, necessary for complete comprehension. It is now possible to obtain formally the collection of pre-designed universes that satisfies this participator requirement. The universe in which we dwell is one that needs to satisfy the notion of participator alterations.
Members of the language *L are used to describe *instruction-sets *I(q,r)λ(i,j)[k] for universe-wide frozen-frames each composed of physical or physical-like or other types of systems.These represent substratum processes that yield info-fields. For a specific universe k, there is a specific instruction paradigm Î(q,r)λ[k] that determines the step-by-step *development.
Relative to alterations, notice that even a concrete thought, one composed of electro-chemical activity, can be considered as an alteration. From the ideal standard case, Î(q,r), there are but finitely many of these altered universes Î(q,r)[k]. Following a standard practice, no actual alteration needs to be considered at a specific step. These are the null alterations. There is a finite number of alterations for each of the finitely many altered universes. Each altered universes preserves the same primitive time sequence order. Hence, upon selection this order is maintained.
All of these informal results are embedded in the usual manner into our formal mathematical structure. This yields a hyperfinite collection {Î(q,r)λ[k]| 1≤ k ≤ σ} of *instruction paradigms. (This is, of course, the set of all of them as the identifier k varies from 1 to the hyper-number σ. I can't use this number to count, but a higher-intelligence can.) Each member of this hyperfinite sequence of *instruction paradigms satisfies its hyperfinite requirements relative to the generation of physical-systems. Thus, from one viewpoint, they behave as if they are finite sets.
An original alteration can be miniscule and made in one or more of the necessary parameters that are satisfied by a specific cosmology. This can be done in such a way that only miniscule alterations in physical-system satisfy the alterations. On the other hand, a highly altered cosmology can also occur. Alterations are considered as those initiated by human activity and is local prior to it being propagated during a universe's development. Each of these *instruction paradigm are consider as the results of the corresponding pre-designed *developmental paradigms. But, for physical universe generation only a hyperfinite collection of a specific *instruction paradigms is employed. The previous Theorems 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1 are all relative to a specific *instruction paradigm and each holds for each member of a collection of these *instruction paradigms. However, they are simplified when applied to the single-complexity model. For the single-complexity model, λ = λ'.
where the *Λ(q,r)
λ(λ)[k] is employed in place of *Λ(q,r)(λ).
In Herrmann (2002), hyperfast propertons are mentioned as possible mediators for the automatic selection of a particlar member of the set
As before, this notation means that each member of this set is a k, where k varies over a set of hyperfinite "natural" numbers. The σ is the "largest" k. Notice that there are, at the least, two viewpoint as the how Û can be viewed. Theologically, each member of Û can be assumed to be the result of pre-design by a higher-intelligence. That is each can exist in some substratum form. Or, the members of Û can be but "possibilities" the existence of which occurs as needed via the "general substratum physical-like law(s).
Note that, for various interpretations, only Û needs to be considered. The not realized members of Û are termed as covirtual. Depending upon the interpretation employed, each member of Û can be consider as obtained from a pre-designed hyperfinite developmental paradigm. Notice that, for each type of cosmology, there is a ``last'' step in the development of each member of Û. If employed, this corresponds to a ``last'' member for a hyperfinite developmental paradigm. Hence, realized alterations determine a unique member of Û and, if employed, a complete pre-designed hyperfinite developmental paradigm that descriptively details the specific members of a realized universe that have lead to the realized alterations.
Unless so specifically applied, each of the following appropriate statements can be easily rephrased and notation appropriately modified so as to be stated in terms of the participator universe.
Relative to physical-like primitives, in quantum field theory, the physical primitive entities -the quantum fields - are assumed to exist. These objects have various properties as they are mathematically modeled. But, they also contain (satisfy) all of the physical characteristics that identifies a particle. In order to have a real physical basis, those that propose this theory as fact accept as fact the existence of such "fields" as physical entities. Although one may attempt to replace such primitives as these fields with another collections of primitives, the facts are that today's secular physicists accept that "something" is a primitive. This means that the "something" cannot be further dissected into more foundational or other primitive objects. Not assuming a fundamental change in primitives, quantum fields are considered as immaterial objects, where material objects are formed via random "excitation" of a field since Planck's constant times a frequency is energy. Primitives are only comprehended relative to their behavioral properties.
There are general physical-like law(s) (PLL) that apply in the substratum. The "*instruction-sets" contain specialized substratum laws. Further, there are various primitive objects such as ultra-propertons and info-fields, etc. I include in what follows the symbols from (I) that correspond to objects and processes. One can. of course, give "scientific" names to the symbols. There are other secular interpretations. Personally, I do not accept that any such purely secular interpretation is fact. This example is presented here, without further details, only for completeness and to present different choices to the reader. For a complete secular interpretation, only following scheme is described, where the (q,r) notation is suppressed.
P1 There exists a collection {{#W}} of packets of information, where each #W appears randomly from excited portions of the substratum. In all cases, such collections need only contain one member. One such packet {#W} is randomly selected.
P2 For this specific #W, there exists a unique PLL, represented by *S, coupled with the #W.
P3 There is another PLL, represented by *A', that employs *S and decomposes such a packet #W of information into a collection of primitive objects {*Λ}.
P4 Randomly, a primitive object *Λ(λ) is selected from each of the decomposed #W. This is accomplished by application of PLL and objects (ultrafast propertons) that select the λ valued *Λ(&lambda) from each of the packets of information obtained from the decomposed {#W} for each appropriate member of {{#W}}.
P5 Each *Λ(λ) contains a set of *instruction-sets *I(a,b). (These are physical-like laws that govern the behavior of the info-field (a,b).)
P6 Each *Λ(λ) yields, via a PLL *A, ordered sequence of *instruction-sets. That is, an ordered set of PLL that govern the behavior of the info-fields, one for each (i,j). (Or, a general info-field that is modified for each (i,j).)
P7 The PLL St activates the info-field G and yields physical events that comprises a universe-wide frozen-frame along with the closely associated physical-like events. There are various interactions between physical events and corresponding physical-like events.
(2) For only one cosmology, which can include multi-universes, (((Γ(q,r)(λ),NF(q,r)λ(a,b))A)) represents a coherent collection, an ultra-logic-system, of info-fields that contains the specific NF(q,r)λ(a,b) info-field. The behavior of each info-field is governed by a member of Î(q,r)λ''.
(3) A special collection of propertons directs and selects specific info-fields and the realization procedure St is applied to each. The application of St is controlled by the number of special propertons. If necessary, due to participator alterations, hyperfast propertons directed the PLL to a different info-field in a different
Γ(q,r)(λ)[k]. The realized universe-wide frozen frames appear one at a time sequentially. The info-fields used for each universe-wide frozen-frame can be retained within the substratum.
Notice that for this minimal case, Γ(q,r)(λ), via A, and St separately display higher-intelligent design signatures. Further, the behavior of each info-field displays an higher-intelligent design signature. The "coherence" follows a pattern that corresponds to higher-intelligence deduction. Obviously, for a secular interpretation, the indirectly verified intelligently designed patterns are ignored.
In [1], I use H to denote an ultimate cause. This comes from an extension of H, who is the creator of the GGU-model, the restricted GID-model and the full GID-model interpretations. The basic goal of the GID-model is to guarantee that statements that describe the higher-intelligence are rationally obtained. Although certain behavior of H can now be predicted from observed human behavior, does such an H actually exist and if it does to what does it correspond?
Of great importance for the Complete GGU-model are the three subcategories of specific-information, *developmental paradigm-information, *instruction-information and *alteration-information. The Physical Grand Unification Model (PGU-model), yields a universe that complies with each of these notions, but only presents the view of universe generation relative to how we perceive physical laws. These features of the Complete GGU-model are discussed in reference [5].
It's obvious that substituting the word God for the appropriate phrase "an higher-intelligence" or "higher-intelligence" that appears in the above universe creating statements, yields mathematically verified rational statements. That is, each of the GID-model statements becomes theological in character. This type of interpretation for (IV) is also rather significant. The model predicts the existence of numerous universe-wide frozen-frames. These can be compose only of physical events, only physical-like events or, in the more usual case, both physical-like events and physical events. Assuming that only "material" physical events are observable via human sensors, then physical-like events are immaterial.
The pure intermediate schemes such as
can be translated theologically using mental activity terms. These, of course, correspond to the higher-intelligence aspects. However, if one wants to correspond this to the strictest interpretation of Genesis 1, then until after the Flood, the following is necessary. Each *instruction-set that yields *universe-wide frozen-frame, contains a portion that corresponds to the pre-Flood Earth and local environment and a portion that is for a corresponding development of an ancient earth and its local environment. The G gathering operator is restricted to the original Earth and its local environment portion until after the Flood, when no restriction is needed for the *universe-wide frozen-frame that have been designed for the further development of our universe. As an example for (Is), one has the following:
(2) He (mentally) selects the first member of the sequence (the *I(q,r)λ(a,b)).
(3) He hyper-rationally sustains the primitive-time ordering of the sequence of *instruction-sets as modeled by the
*Λ(q,r)λ(λ) and, at each step, He changes His thoughts via a medium and mentally constructed info-fields, NF(q,r)λ, into physical reality as modeled by St and into physical-like reality using the extended form of G(q,r)λ.
Then we have a translation for the minimal case
Notice that if one wants to correspond this to the strictest interpretation of Genesis 1, then until after the Flood, the following is necessary. Each info-field that yields an exterior cosmology, contains a portion that corresponds to the pre-Flood Earth and local environment and a portion that is a corresponding development of an ancient earth and its local environment. The St is restricted to the original Earth and its local environment until after the Flood, when no restriction is needed for the info-fields that have been designed for the further development of our universe.
(2) He mentally selects the first info-field G(q,r)λ(a,b) to employ.
(3) He hyper-rationally sustains the primitive-time ordering of the sequence of mentally conceived info-fields as modeled by A applied to
Γ(q,r)(λ). At each step, He changes His thoughts into physical reality as modeled by St and into physical-like reality using portions of various info-fields.
In both of these cases, since what constitutes propertons is describable, then even ultra-propertons, intermediate propertons and all of the collections can be considered as mental constructs for a theological interpretation.
Of great significance is that there is a vast amount of direct and indirect physical evidence that verifies these translated theological statements. I accept this as a preponderance of evidence under my definition of what constitutes fact. But to what "God" do they apply? As shown in reference [9], the translated higher-intelligence statements model numerous Biblical statements relative to human behavior.
Is there a strong Biblical interpretation for the complete GGU-model? Yes. However, due to participator requirements, I do not present this interpretation in this article. It appears in
the article on Our Universe.
Each universe develops relative to primitive-time. Portions of this sequence is (temporal) observer-time. God keeps these ordered hyper-instruction paradigms and corresponding hyper-development paradigms in mental-like files that have special properties. These properties are especially designed so as to display His higher-intelligence. This is evidence that God designs each entity within our universe as well as its behavior over both primitive and observer-time.
God associates each of His created hyper-developmental paradigms with hyper-instruction-sets that correspond to properton formations that yields specific members of a hyper-event sequence, where each hyper-event corresponds to a member of the corresponding hyper-developmental paradigm. Specific hyper-events correspond to physical events while other hyper-events correspond to physical-like events. The created ultra-propertons are especially designed to represent the entire collection of all necessary physical and physical-like parameters.
In order to employ His designs, God creates, in an exceptionally consistent manner, hyperfinitely many modes of thought as modeled by ultra-logic-systems. These are built from the designed hyper-developmental paradigms. He repeats this creationary activity for the *instruction-sets. The ultra-hypotheses in W'(q,r) hold these ultra-logic-systems.
God designs a mode of thought that is the major aspect of the ultra-logic-system operator *S. This mode of deductive thought, when restricted to the physical world, corresponds to a basic form of deduction, which God includes in the structure of the human brain. This mode of thought is applied to ultra-hypotheses and designed ultra-logic-systems are deduced. He then chooses a specific ultra-logic-system from the designed collection of ultra-logic-systems.
In order to have any comprehension of substratum behavior, an *instruction-set represents substratum processes that are activated. As noted this activation is denoted by (G(q,r)λSt).
Since this is an analogue model, I assume that there is "something," the PLL, that "forces," as directed by the *instruction-set, the propertons to form into the appropriate combinations and also to produce as well as the physical-like events.
To form each step in the development of a universe, God gathers specific numbers of the created ultra-propertons into collections and these collections into collections and continues this gathering process until the final gathering corresponds to an entire physical universe at a moment in its development. These are the info-fields, NF(q,r)λ. Propertons and these gatherings can either be thought of as actual physical-like entities or as "thought-like." These gatherings follow from a designed *instruction-set. This concept of constructing and using *instruction-sets He incorporates within the human brain so that humankind can recognize certain physical regularities termed physical laws.
The application of the coupled process (G(q,r)λSt), at the least, yields the physical universe at a specific moment. The (G(q,r)λSt) models the requirement that God is directly responsible for every physical aspect of a universe's development since the physical world only exists if (G(q,r)λSt) is applied. As with physical laws and why entities are required to follow the *instructions, God associates each of His created hyper-developmental paradigms with hyper-instruction-sets that correspond to properton formations that yield specific members of a hyper-event sequence, where each hyper-event corresponds to a member of the corresponding hyper-developmental paradigm. Specific hyper-events correspond to physical events while other hyper-events correspond to physical-like events. The GGU-model only models behavior and, hence, exactly how God obtains the results produced by (G(q,r)λSt) remains a secret to us while we are in this physical universe. This models Deuteronomy 29:29. "There are secret things that belong to the LORD our God."
The Bible only states that God does not create from what is "visible." By implication, this seems to mean the He doesn't create physical entities from anything that appears or that is assumed as physical. The GGU-model does not contradict actual Biblical implications. God also creates, at least, the second and third heavens. Nothing that actually exists in the second heaven is physical. This is the realm of the GGU-model processes, which is termed as a preternatural world in the theological interpretation. Unless one states that God's thoughts are composed of "nothing," then He has not actually created from nothing as this term is generalized. When all of God's activities are considered as mental-like processes, then a general description for all of God's endeavors is that He changes His thoughts into physical reality. This general characterization also holds when *instruction-sets yield physical-like events.
How do I mentally image the infinite? This is something that many claim cannot be done. Sorry, all that claim this are wrong. But, I cannot successfully draw this mental image. Close your eyes or go into a darken room. In some way, remove the visible light from your view. Now imagine a white road moving from the lower left hand position towards the upper-right hand location but the road narrows so as to end in a single vanishing point. That is, the road continues to appear within a totally black background and gets smaller and smaller as it vanishes at a vanishing point. I tried to represent this in a drawing on page 171 in [1]. But, the black background never seems to print correctly.
Unfortunately, there is one aspect of the image I cannot draw. This is the actual aspect that, for me, is a model for the basic generic non-finite. In my mental image, there is no edge to this black background, where as there is such an edge controlled by an individual's field of vision when not physically "seeing" just a black background. Further, any finite drawing must have an edge. So, what part of this mental image is my non-finite? It is the black background. This, of course, is a model for the non-finite and, in modern abstract mathematics, it is unnecessary.
The GID-model higher-intelligence can design and produce our universe in a manner that follows a strict (literal) interpretation of the creation statements made in Genesis 1. Example: things appear in mature and functional form, water, light, dry land, or objects formed during but one 24-hour day even without sunlight. This higher-intelligence can also design our universe so as to correspond to any of the proposed cosmologies. Biblical events that occur sequentially prior to a rapidly forming cosmology do so via the primitive-time sequence. This even holds if an "eternal" (no beginning and/or no ending in primitive-time) cosmology is selected. There are probably many ultranatural events and ultranatural laws about which we can have no knowledge. This is a strong verification of 1 Corinthians 13:12 and, as mentioned, Daniel 29:24.
The word "upholding" in Hebrews 1:3 as used in the KJV is better understood as "sustaining." The term "word" is usually interpreted as a "spoken or mental word." It is the same term used in John 3:34 for speaking a word given by God, which for comprehension should follow a logical pattern. Can we get any additional comprehension as to how He might sustain our physical universe?
Consider that prior to application of (G(q,r)λSt) that there are covirtual universes described previously and illustrated in Herrmann (2002). Rather than as illustrated in Herrmann (2002), one DVD is all that is necessary, where the "chapter" notion is utilized. Notice that without participator alterations only one covirtual universe is necessary. All of the primitive-time "slices" exist. For the DVD model, this means that the variations in the surface of the DVD that lead to the images, for a chapter as viewed on a monitor, exist in the proper order. The combined operator (G(q,r)λSt) is the last step and it preservers the step-by-step *-logic-system *-algorithm, which, in restricted form, is the simplest form of propositional deduction. That is, one slice follows another in a logical way as displayed by an ID-signature.
The (GSt) processes models the "sustain" notion in that this is a general activity that God applies to each "slice" so that it become a physical reality. If He does not continue this activity, the physical universe would cease to develop physically. Indeed, if this occurred, removal of the "last" application of the (GSt) operators returns the universe to covirtual form and it ceases to exist physically. It has not been erased from the DVD. Another process directly applied by God also yields every miracle event. This higher-intelligence choice process can be applied at any moment in primitive-time to replace completely any portion of an entire universe with another portion God deems as necessary.
[[The operator U unifies not only the physical laws we observe today, but those that existed relative to the original Earth and its local environment. Recall that Pi*U has meaning in the restricted physical sense. This means that, when the unification is restricted to the original Earth and its local environment, the results can differ from its restriction to other regions of an exterior universe. Indeed, each physical-system can have a special identifier [1a, section 11.3] and these identifiers can guide this restriction. However, recall that U is not used to generate a universe, but rather it is satisfied by the development.]]
There are various criteria that need to be satisfied before a collection of statements is considered as scientific in character. Depending upon who states them, they can differ. I have previously shown how the GGU-model, being a cosmogony, satisfies the basic requirements. The following statements are taken from a website "Encyclopedia of American Loons," where the contributers criticize individuals, organizations, ideas and the like. They mostly reveal their true intent for doing so. Relative to creationary science the remarks are based upon the contributors lack of knowledge. Relative to GID, they might think that they have eliminated their foes, when this is far from the truth.
As detailed elsewhere, the GID-model satisfies all the necessary scientific criteria for a properly constructed scientific theory. The GID-model is falsifiable and testable. The notion of "better than" can be defined technically. But, it is most often science-community dependent. However, the GGU-model and interpretations satisfy all of these requirements since there is no other scientific cosmogony. And, the "certain features where chosen rather than other ones" is satisfied. The "certain features" comprise the entire physical universe (this, of course, includes the notion of multiple-universes that are but subsections of a cosmology) and there are no physical "other ones."
These requirements might be altered by this contributor to "Loons" in a rather obvious but arbitrary way in an attempt to eliminate the GID-interpretation. He could simply require the designer to be a physical entity, which requires it to be "self-generating." Such an after-the-fact alteration would surely indicate the author's intent in writing the requirements in the first place. However, the self-generation of an entity that creates all there was, all there is and all there ever will be leads to an incomplete infinite logical regress. (See the end of this article.)
One major form of reductionism is the claim that every physical event that exists is produced by a collection of basic objects, where each behaves in a describable way. Further, such describable behavior leads directly to the behavior of each physical event. A major claim comes from the particle-physics community and it may be false. The claim states that particle-physics interactions lead to the behavior of each physical-system. Various philosophers of science reject this statement. Rather, it is believed that many physical properties "emerge" in that they may not simply be the "sum" of all of the parts and their interactions. These emergent properties cannot be produced through application of the properties that regulate a more fundamental level. Can propertons produced entities that display emergent properties?
I have emphatically stated that propertons are typically considered as only operational in content. Within physical science, a physical object, whether it exists on a fundamental level or as a more inclusive physical-system, differs from another such object in that it has different physical characteristics. These differences are based upon physical measurements, descriptions, images, and human or machine sensory-impressions. The term properton, refers to characteristics represented by measured quantities using human or machine sensory-impressions or descriptive characteristics. These impressions include other descriptions for physical behavior not related to measured quantities. The "ultra-properton" is a mathematical way to represent, in a distinctive way, each of the basic characteristics that will operationally yield the characteristics for a specific physical-system.
What does the phrase "operationally yield" mean? Propertons may be deemed as but one of the fundamental steps for the universe-generating process. This means that the rules that direct properton formation, although related to real procedures, are described mathematically in such a way that the objects to which the rules apply are not detailed in physical terms. I have presented [1, p. 127, the straws] an "illustration" for properton formation that is not intended to be an actual physical description. How a universe is generated depends upon the scenario selected. Propertons are used for all of the scenarios. Due to the notion of the ultranatural laws [1, pp. 127, 141] (part of the lack of knowledge model), descriptions for certain of the scenarios must remain somewhat vague.
The properties that govern properton formation of physical-systems are not dependent upon the atomic-world. They represent actual universe-generating substratum objects and this does not contradict the philosophy of emergent properties. Depending upon the theory used, their combinations represent physical objects at various levels. The combinations represent directly observable physical-systems. The atomic realm need only be a portion of a physical-system. This is how the top-down ultra-hypothesis W behaves.
The GGU-model unifies all physical laws, theories and describable properties. Physical emergent properties are, at the least, describable properties for physical behavior. Hence, there are rules that satisfy these emergent property descriptions. Further, prior in a sequence sense to application of the St the properton combinations formed by G are part of the substratum that is not part of physical-world. Emergent property behavior for various physical-systems is incorporated within the info-fields.
Properton "coordinates" are related in various ways and these relations are what produces variations in physical-systems. These relations, including the descriptions for emergent properties, are classified as physical laws. These can be described by instructions relative to any physical-system that is composed of more elementary entities. Hence, the unification operator *U can include these physical laws and, along with, Pi each physical-system satisfies these operator predictions. Significantly, every combination of propertons has a unique "name." The emergent properties are simply parts of each *instruction-set for each info-field.
For the secular interpretation, one could follow the philosophy of Feynman.
Thus, from his viewpoint, among the many (even infinitely many) collections of possible physical laws, humankind, by chance, has been able to deduce the physical laws that generate U. Thus, such describable behavior, including any emerging properties, simply exists. But, these humanly comprehensible and applicable laws cannot include the Pi, which, as mentioned, has been the major stumbling block for secular science. The Pi operator is the one that yields a basic emerging probabilistic-property - that such behavior, usually, does not reveal itself until many events occur. And, the Pi "law" cannot be a member of U, since it represents "ultralogic" behavior, processes that cannot be mimicked by humankind.
Moreover, Feynman's statement is wrong in its major implication. Since, as stated in Genesis 1:28, multitudes of Bible believers know "why" Nature behaves as modeled by U and Pi and why we are able to describe physical regulations. Moreover, as Einstein wrote [1, p. 186], many such laws cannot be the result of our sensory experiences that evolutionists claim lead to the necessary deductions. But, if such physical behavior were originally incorporated into an event sequence, is there "something else" that "forces" all physical objects to follow these laws and emergent properties? Are there entities that are used to guide behavior so that it "must" follow the original event sequence patterns? One can simply state that H is the "something" that forces entities to behavior in these designed ways. But, is there actually a completely comprehensible "how"?
From what has been established here, humankind cannot comprehend this complete "how" while we exist in our present form. As pointed out many times, there are ultranatural laws and, hence, ultranatural rules and *events of which no entity within a (physical) universe can have any descriptive knowledge. One can conjecture that such presently incomprehensible items are required to produce and sustain all physical-systems within any such universe. And, they do answer such ultimate questions.
In the original approach to the GGU-model as it appears in [1,1a] and elsewhere, the theory of finite consequence operators is employed. In particular, one operator, which I denote here by S'', is employed. A developmental paradigm, d, (or now an instruction paradigm) is used. Mathematically, an "ultraword" W is predicted as is the one that represents ordered reading and speaking. Such ultraword mathematical objects that behave, in general, like a written or spoken word (a finite list of symbols, drawings or images). When S'' is applied to {W}, many objects are *deduced. From this ultraword, choices must be made.
Consider the finite set of rational numbers {1.23, 6.78, 5.345, 1.22}. We have learned how to apply some unknown mental process and place these numbers in the order, 1.22 < 1.23 < 5.345 < 6.78. In the original approach, the same type of process must be done for an hyperfinite infinite set of numbers in order to select the appropriate members of the developmental paradigm. Of course, this is but a model for behavior, a model for some process that selects the appropriate members of the developmental paradigm. This new approach does not employ such a technically vague ordering process, but rather each member of a developmental paradigm is *deduced in the correct order. The ultraword approach requires a different ultraword for each type of universe. In the new approach, only one choice is made and this yields a specific type of universe via application of *A.
Both approaches require the same rationally describable collection of propertons and the rational application of (GSt) to yield physical reality. In the new approach, this coupled operator is only applied in the *instruction paradigm case. Although not mentioned in [1, 1a], the exact same original processes can be applied to an *instruction paradigm and it is these results to which (GSt) can be applied.
One advantage for the original approach is that for participator alterations in physical behavior distinct universes are designed. These can all be incorporate within one ultimate ultraword and the operator S'' rationally yields each ultraword from which specific altered universes are obtained by another application of S''. This ultimate ultraword method has not, as yet, been applied to this new method. This new scheme is applied to W' from which pre-designed altered universes are produced. Moreover, there is a mathematical representation for the collection of all such *instruction-sets or the *developmental paradigms. They are represented by "hyper-matrices."
[Self-generation. Let A be the class of all symbolized objects created by an intelligence. Let P(|,||) be a predicate interpreted as "| creates ||," where "||" is a member A. Relation symbolized by P is created by H and P is in A. Suppose that H is self-created. Hence, H is in A and P(H,H). One also has the relations P(|,P(||,|||)), P(|,P(||,P(|||,||||))), etc., using Kleeny tick notation as variables, are in A. Again P(H,P(H,P(H,H))) . . . . etc. What this means is that using a trivial step in formalizable scientific (i.e. classical) logic, then a conclusion of this "human deduction" cannot be formally expressed if we assume the usual induction notion. Since the class A exists, and inductive thought is a basis of mathematics and physics, one has no resolution. This is a type of infinite (logical) regress. But, this does not make the concept "irrational." This is resolved by stating that God is not self-created. If this is not satisfactory to some, then, for them, this indicates that human comprehension via language is limited.
[1] Herrmann, R. A. 2002. Science Declares Our Universe IS Intelligently Designed, Xulon Press, Fairfax Va and other addresses.
[1.5] (Added reference) Herrmann, R. A. 1999. Information theory, consequence operators and the origin of life, Creation Research Society Quarterly, 36(3):123-132.
[1a] Herrmann, R. A, 1993. The Theory of Ultralogics, http://arxiv.org/abs/math/9903082
[1b] Herrmann, R. A. 1989. Fractal and ultrasmooth microeffects, J. Math. Physics 30(4):805-808. (See 4c in this publication list for important typographical corrections for Theorem 4.1.)
[1c] Herrmann, R. A. Modeling Divine Attributes
[2] Shoenfield, J. R., 1977. The Axioms of Set Theory, In: Handbook of Mathematical Logic, (ed. Barwise), North Holland, New York, pp. 321-344.
[3] Bohm, D. 1957. Causality and Chance in Modern Physics, Harper Torchbooks/The Science Library, Harper and Brothers, New York.
[4] March, A. and I. M. Freeman. 1963. The new world of physics, Vintage Books, New York
[9] Human Behavior
[10] Dictionary of New Testament Theology, Vol. 3, Ed. Colin Brown, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, 1971, p. 1121.
[11] Our Universe
[12] Paton, C. M. and J. A. Wheeler, 1975. Is physics legislated by a cosmogony? In Quantum Gravity ed. Isham, Penrose and Sciama, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
(1) For the actual mathematical statements that lead to the above two displayed sequences, (1) and (2) see
this PDF file.
For multi-complexity universe generation, a predicted #W that is composed of sets of ultra-logic-systems is specified as an "ultra-hypothesis."
[W]hile I am describing to you how Nature works, you won't understand why Nature works that way. But you see, nobody understands that. I can't explain why Nature behaves in this peculiar way (Feynman (1985)).
Is there a reason why, in all cases that follow, that it is necessary that a simple ultra-logic-system of the type {A}, {A,B} occurs and then *A is applied? It is necessary since this is how our universe must develop to correspond to how are brains and minds behave. We must apply the "if P, then Q" form thousands a times a day. We are simply not aware we are doing it. The sequence of universe-wide frozen-frames, at the least, follows this simple pattern.
For this specific general approach, the participator aspect includes possible alterations in a universe's complexity. For the Biblical approach, this alteration in complexity is not necessary.
The important intermediate (Is) scheme also holds for similarly modified (0) and (0') and, the soon to be described, (II), (III), (IV) schemes. These (0), (0'). (Is), (IIs), (IIIs) and (IVs) schemes are used where one assumes that there is employed only one unique entity of a specific complexity. For these scenarios, the illustrations and both the intelligent design and theological interpretations are easily modified, where necessary, to accommodate only these intermediate schemes.
Many of the proposed secular-science physical entities and processes defined within physical theories need not exist in physical reality. They can be purely imaginary since many scientists may otherwise not be able comprehend nor predict behaviors. For the GGU-model, there are no "cause and effect" aspects of these physical laws and theories. The notion of cause and effect is mentally useful in order for us to make verifiable predictions.
As stated, certain assumed laws and theories, as mathematically presented, claim to require the basic mathematical notion of continuity and this may seem to contradict the "step-by-step" event sequence idea. The event sequence requirement is but a mathematical model for behavior. If one insists that there is a physical notion that corresponds to the elementary conceptual idea of continuity, then the sequence represents miniscule step-by-step primitive-time universe-wide frozen-frames. The event sequence can be considered as an exceptional form of approximation. Indeed, theoretically, a numerical measure that suddenly varies in a manner that is within this approximation can be considered as actually being altered by an hypercontinuous process [1b]. (Even in quantum dynamics, the basic continuity notion is applied to paths of motion. However, there are other ways to achieve continuity properties, where "space" is not a region where the standard continuity notion holds. This comes from changing the "topology.") When U or *U are restricted to defined physical-systems, then patterns such as (1) and (2) are often termed by secular science as causal statements if the restriction includes processes that produce or alter entities. As mentioned, these are no physical causes for the GGU-model. These patterns represent neither the ultimate cause H nor a cause like operator such as D in (II). [[However, for another model, they can be used as universe generating schemes, where a universe is generated by application of the operator (PiU).]]
Any result that appears in any of my archived, published papers or on this website and that is written in terms of developmental paradigms also holds for instruction paradigms. A simple change in notation or terminology yields the instruction paradigms result.
It is important to realize that general descriptions form a model for what we may not be able to further comprehend. One thinks of such descriptions as equivalent to "mental images" in the same manner as descriptions correspond to human mental images. There is a one-to-one onto correspondence between an *developmental paradigm and a corresponding *instruction paradigm. This means that each *instruction-set corresponds to one and only one *description and each *instruction-set and each *descriptions is so related by this correspondence.
The needed scheme (IV) that shows that each universe-wide frozen-frame physical or physical-like system is designed by a higher-intelligence is obtained by a simply substitution of notation into (III).
For [1], only (III) is considered. This new refined approach uses applications of (IV) and the corresponding refined info-fields. Thus, for the remainder of this article, the schemes (I), (II), (III) and the participator universe additions will each be interpreted in the sense that the individual universe-wide frozen frames are a product of applications of (IV). This will, usually, not be explicitly stated by using the (q,r) notation
Although, in all but one case, the corresponding modes of human experiences were not the motivating factors, all aspects of both the secular GGU and GID models mimic human procedures similar to building the set of laminates.
1. Our universe as a whole is designed and produced by actions taken by an higher-intelligence. Each object used for universe generation is the product of the actions of an higher-intelligence. Each universe-wide frozen-frame is designed by an higher-intelligence. Hence, each physical entity and each configuration of physical entities is designed by an higher-intelligence. Each such physical entity and configuration displays an higher-intelligence signature.
(0) All events take place in the substratum. A dense field of ultra-propertons as well as all of the other needed entities exist as members of this substratum.
(1) All events take place in the substratum, a collection of ultra-propertons, and all of the other needed entities exist as members of this substratum.
I would like again to emphasize the following facts. The GGU and GID models are NOT based upon accepting any hypothesis that a higher-intelligence exists, that the higher-processes that generate a universe exist. The theological or higher-intelligence conclusions are ALL predicted. The many concrete behavioral or other illustrations that appear in this article were not used to obtain the basic aspects of the models. They were all discovered after the basic mathematical model was constructed.
(1) God mentally supplies the *instructions for each *universe-wide frozen-frame (the members of *Λ(q,r)λ(λ). This corresponds to the *meaning *thoughts portion of *instruction-information.
(1) God has in his mind all of the details for each *universe-wide frozen-frame and the info-fields in Γ(q,r)(λ) He intends to use.
God pre-designs hyperfinitely many covirtual universes. This means finitely and, if necessary, infinitely many. These pre-designed universes are represented by hyper-instructional paradigms that correspond to hyper-developmental paradigms, where certain hyper-developmental paradigms contain standard descriptions for each cosmology - the standard developmental paradigms.
The fact that there is more than one process used strengthens the intelligent-design conclusions. Further, they indicate how God has constructed humans so that if they have the requisite knowledge or experiences, they can mentally deduce the most likely physical events to occur during the development of the physical world about them. On the other hand, one can simply state that "God created all there was, all there is, and all there ever will be" and nothing more needs to be stated about His creationary activities. However, I accept that any effort to enhance Romans 1:20 and establish the rationality of the Biblical creationary statements in Genesis is a worthwhile endeavor.
Thus, to be a contender the ID movement has to have a falsifiable theory that yields testable hypotheses - and the theory has to explain the data (all the data, not just some of it) better than its alternatives. "It's designed" is not an explanation unless followed by an explanation of the exact mechanism of design (which would require identifying the intentions of the designer, as well as the purpose and methods of the designer, as well as why certain features were chosen rather than other ones). Provide a well-developed alternative, then you can play.
[W]hile I am describing to you how Nature works, you won't understand why Nature works that way. But, you see nobody understands that [1, p. 99].
(1) A, A.............................................Standard Logic-System Algorithm.
(2) *A................................................Higher-Intelligence Algorithm.
(3) A', A'............................................Hypothesis Removed Algorithm.
(4) *A'...............................................Higher-Intelligence Hypothesis Removed Algorithm.
(5) d, d, *d.........................................Standard, *finite, higher development paradigms.
(6) D({#W}), Î(λ)..................................Hyperfinite Instruction Paradigm.
(7) E, E.............................................Physical, Physical-like Events.
(8) f(a,b), f(a,b), *f(a,b)........................Standard, Embedded Standard, Hyper- designed Image or Description.
(9) *F(q,r)λ'(a,b)...................................Refined Ultra-Logic-Systrem of *descriptions.
(10) G, G, G(q,r)λ.................................Standard, Hyperfinite, Refined Gathering Operator.
(11) Γ(λ), Γ(q,r)(λ).................................Info-field, Refined Info-field Ultra-Logic-System.
(12) NF(q,r)λ, NF(q,r)λ(a,b)........................Refined, "First" Refined Info-field.
(13) I(a,b), *I(a,b), *I(q,r)λ'(a,b)................First standard, Hyper, Refined Hyper Instruction-Set.
(14) *I(q,r)λ'(i,j)....................................Refined Hyper Instruction-Set at Primitive Time (i,j).
(15) Î, Î(q,r)λ, Î(q,r)λ[k]............................A Hyperfinite, Refined Hyperfinite, Sequence of Refined Hyperfinite *Instruction Paradigms.
(16) L, L, *L........................................The General, Embedded, Higher Lamguage.
(17) *Λ(λ), *Λ(q,r)λ'(λ), *Λ(q,r)λ'(λ) .............*Instruction Paradigm Ultra-Logic-System of Complexity λ, Refined of Complexity λ', λ; a Sequence of Such Systems.
(18) (Pi).............................................The Ultralogic that Duplicates Probabilistic Behavior.
(19) S, S, *S........................................The Basic Standard, Embedded, Ultra-Logic System for Instruction Paradigms.
(20) S', S', *S'.......................................The Basic Standard, Embedded, Ultra-Logic System for Developmental Paradigms.
(21) St...............................................Realization Operator.
(22) U, *U...........................................Unification, Hyper-Unification for all Physical Laws and Theories.
(23) Û................................................The Set of all *Instruction Paradigms for the Participator Universe.
(24) Λ(n), Λ'(n) ....................................Standard Instruction Paradigm, Developmental Paradigm Logic-System of Complexity n.
(25) W, W'............................................Standard Coupling of Instruction, Developmental Paradigm Logic-Systems.
(26) #W................................................A Higher-Form of the Coupling of *Instruction Paradigm Logic-Systems.